{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:33:59Z","timestamp":1789403639024,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"project supported by Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Talent transfer (TT) program is an appropriate approach to address the talent gap evident in specific sports activities, while little is known about the injury characteristics of snowboarding athletes involved in the TT program.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine the epidemiology of injuries among snowboarders involved in the TT program.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 244 athletes who were not previously engaged in winter sports were selected for training in snowboarding that lasted for 109 days. The injuries and at-risk exposures (A-Es) data were recorded by physicians. Injury rates (IRs), incidence rate ratios (IRRs), and injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were calculated and compared by sex and age groups.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The overall and time loss (TL) IR were 32.4\/1000 A-Es and 12.2\/1000 A-Es respectively. The overall and non-time loss (NTL) IRR were higher for female athletes than for male athletes. Additionally, the overall IRR and TL-IRR for female athletes were higher in those athletes who aged \u226415 years old. Over 93% of TL injuries resulted in participation restriction time of \u22647 days (male athletes, 93.94%; female athletes, 94.10%). Trunk (28.43%), knee joints (21.33%), and hand\/wrist (16.53%) were found as the common sites of injury in both female and male athletes. The most frequent type of injury was contusion (male athletes: 53.00%, female athletes: 59.10%) resulted from ground\/apparatus contact (male athletes: 75.10%, female athletes: 75.20%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The risk injury among snowboarding athletes involved in the TT program during the first snow season training was found noticeable, especially for younger female athletes. The high incidence of ground\/apparatus contact-related injuries suggested the necessity of specifically designed training programs and braces for snowboarding athletes involved in the TT program.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T17:33:20Z","timestamp":1720719200000},"page":"e0306787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Epidemiology of injuries among snowboarding athletes in the talent transfer program: A prospective cohort study of 39,880 athlete-exposures"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3017-4434","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Feng","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6004-4801","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haiwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yawei","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4075-2448","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jingbin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0306787.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.068767","article-title":"Injuries about the shoulder in skiing and snowboarding","volume":"43","author":"D McCall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0306787.ref002","unstructured":"Available from: https:\/\/olympics.com\/en\/olympic-games\/beijing-2022\/results."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306787.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.1.1.65","article-title":"Persistent fatigue in a female sprint cyclist after a talent-transfer initiative","volume":"1","author":"S Halson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0306787.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2014.908324","article-title":"Change of plans: an evaluation of the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of successful talent transfer","volume":"32","author":"R Collins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0306787.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410802549751","article-title":"Talent identification and deliberate programming in skeleton: ice novice to Winter Olympian in 14 months","volume":"27","author":"N Bullock","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306787.ref006","first-page":"41","article-title":"An examination of athletes\u2019 experiences of the talent transfer process","volume":"7","author":"T Rea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Talent Development and Excellence"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0306787.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0143592","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143592","article-title":"Second Chances: Investigating Athletes\u2019 Experiences of Talent Transfer","volume":"10","author":"\u00c1 MacNamara","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0306787.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2020.09.005","article-title":"Similarities and differences between sports subserving systematic talent transfer and development: The case of paddle sports","volume":"24","author":"JW Teunissen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0306787.ref009","first-page":"231","article-title":"Snowboarding injuries, a four-year study with comparison with alpine ski injuries","volume":"164","author":"TM Davidson","year":"1996","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0306787.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100511","article-title":"Australian snowboard injury data base study. A four-year prospective study","volume":"21","author":"C Bladin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0306787.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/156609704\/233\/289788","article-title":"Skiing and snowboarding injuries and their impact on the emergency care system in South Tyrol: a restrospective analysis for the winter season 2001\u20132002","volume":"11","author":"S Corra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inj Control Saf Promot"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0306787.ref012","first-page":"1097","article-title":"Snowboarding injuries: an analysis and comparison with alpine skiing injuries","volume":"145","author":"RB Abu-Laban","year":"1991","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0306787.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.34.2.79","article-title":"Snowboarding injuries","volume":"34","author":"TP Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0306787.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1080\/000164701317269111","article-title":"The dangers of snowboarding: a 9-year prospective comparison of snowboarding and skiing injuries","volume":"72","author":"T Dohjima","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0306787.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509348763","article-title":"Skill level-specific differences in snowboarding-related injuries","volume":"38","author":"H Ogawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0306787.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200211000-00006","article-title":"Upper extremity injuries in snowboarding and skiing: a comparative study","volume":"12","author":"K Matsumoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0306787.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280061001","article-title":"Upper extremity snowboarding injuries. Ten-year results from the Colorado snowboard injury survey","volume":"28","author":"JR Idzikowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0306787.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509361190","article-title":"Characteristics of upper extremity injuries sustained by falling during snowboarding: a study of 1918 cases","volume":"38","author":"K Yamauchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0306787.ref019","first-page":"1717","article-title":"Skiing and snowboarding trauma in children: epidemiology, physiopathology, prevention and main injuries","volume":"15","author":"B Dohin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0306787.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001422","article-title":"Epidemiology of Youth Boys\u2019 and Girls\u2019 Lacrosse Injuries in the 2015 to 2016 Seasons","volume":"50","author":"ZY Kerr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0306787.ref021","first-page":"173","article-title":"National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System commentaries: introduction and methods","volume":"42","author":"R Dick","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0306787.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.58","article-title":"National collegiate athletic association injury surveillance system: review of methods for 2004\u20132005 through 2013\u20132014 data collection","volume":"49","author":"ZY Kerr","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0306787.ref023","first-page":"207","article-title":"Issues in estimating risks and rates in sports injury research","volume":"41","author":"SB Knowles","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306787.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-016-0068-5","article-title":"The epidemiology of boys\u2019 youth lacrosse injuries in the 2015 season","volume":"3","author":"ZY Kerr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inj Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306787.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01147.x","article-title":"Injuries among World Cup ski and snowboard athletes","volume":"22","author":"TW Florenes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0306787.ref026","first-page":"1022","article-title":"An analysis of skiing and snowboarding injuries on Utah slopes","volume":"67","author":"CC Wasden","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0306787.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090407","article-title":"Risk factors for injuries in alpine skiing, telemark skiing and snowboarding\u2014case-control study","volume":"45","author":"S Sulheim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306787.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000151270.26634.DD","article-title":"Skiing- and snowboarding-related injuries treated in U.S. emergency departments, 2002","volume":"58","author":"H Xiang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0306787.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094538","article-title":"Sports injuries and illnesses in the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games","volume":"49","author":"T Soligard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0306787.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200603000-00003","article-title":"Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries","volume":"16","author":"CW Fuller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306787.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092573","article-title":"Injury rate and injury pattern among elite World Cup snowboarders: a 6-year cohort study","volume":"48","author":"DH Major","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0306787.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507313573","article-title":"Snowboarding and ski boarding injuries in Niigata, Japan","volume":"36","author":"Y Sakamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0306787.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4137-7","article-title":"Injury patterns and risk factors for orthopaedic trauma from snowboarding and skiing: a national perspective","volume":"26","author":"BA Basques","year":"2018","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0306787.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511433279","article-title":"Snowboarding injuries: trends over time and comparisons with alpine skiing injuries","volume":"40","author":"S Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0306787.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2013.07.002","article-title":"Injury patterns in recreational alpine skiing and snowboarding at a mountainside clinic","volume":"24","author":"T Coury","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0306787.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-004-0776-5","article-title":"Clinical features of snowboarding injuries","volume":"9","author":"T Yamagami","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0306787.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967115588280","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967115588280","article-title":"Changes in Skiing and Snowboarding Injury Epidemiology and Attitudes to Safety in Big Sky, Montana, USA: A Comparison of 2 Cross-sectional Studies in 1996 and 2013","volume":"3","author":"E Patrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0306787.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200005000-00001","article-title":"Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: risk factors and prevention strategies","volume":"8","author":"LY Griffin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0306787.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2007.017285","article-title":"An international review of head and spinal cord injuries in alpine skiing and snowboarding","volume":"13","author":"A Ackery","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0306787.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2012-040727","article-title":"Emergency department reported head injuries from skiing and snowboarding among children and adolescents, 1996\u20132010","volume":"19","author":"JM Graves","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0306787.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2011.04.002","article-title":"Snowboarding injuries in Australia: investigating risk factors in wrist fractures to enhance injury prevention strategies","volume":"22","author":"TJ Dickson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0306787","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T17:34:03Z","timestamp":1720719243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0306787"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Yaodong","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0306787","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]}}}