{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:48:38Z","timestamp":1792666118646,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Both scientists and laypeople have become increasingly concerned about smartphones, especially their associated digital media (e.g., email, news, gaming, and dating apps) and social media (e.g., Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat). Recent correlational research links substantial declines in Gen Z well-being to digital and social media use, yet other work suggests the effects are small and unnoteworthy. To help further disentangle correlation from causation, we conducted a preregistered 8-day experimental deprivation study with Gen Z individuals (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 338). Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (1) restrict digital media (i.e., smartphone) use, (2) restrict social media use, (3) restrict water use (active control), or (4) restrict nothing (measurement-only control). Relative to controls, participants restricting digital media reported a variety of benefits, including higher life satisfaction, mindfulness, autonomy, competence, and self-esteem, and reduced loneliness and stress. In contrast, those assigned to restrict social media reported relatively few benefits (increased mindfulness) and even some potential costs (increased negative emotion).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T13:29:13Z","timestamp":1728912553000},"page":"e0306910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Does putting down your smartphone make you happier? the effects of restricting digital media on well-being"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9689-4824","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lisa C.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Regan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karynna","family":"Okabe-Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Lyubomirsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0306910.ref001","author":"Statista","year":"2024","journal-title":"Number of smartphone mobile network subscriptions worldwide from 2016 to 2023, with forecasts from 2023 to 2028: Statista Research Department"},{"key":"pone.0306910.ref002","author":"Statista","year":"2022","journal-title":"Penetration rates of smartphones in selected countries 2022: Statista Research Department"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0306910.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139004","article-title":"Beyond self-report: Tools to compare estimated and real-world smartphone use.","volume":"10","author":"S Andrews","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0306910.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2017.1349250","article-title":"Too Much of a Good Thing: Investigating the Association between Actual Smartphone Use and Individual Well-Being","volume":"34","author":"ME David","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"pone.0306910.ref005","article-title":"Mobile data donations: Assessing self-report accuracy and sample biases with the iOS Screen Time function.","author":"J Ohme","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mobile Media and Communication."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306910.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/2050157918761491","article-title":"Measuring smartphone usage and task switching with log tracking and self-reports.","volume":"7","author":"T Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mobile Media and Communication"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0306910.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1177\/2050157920902830","article-title":"How psychosocial well-being and usage amount predict inaccuracies in retrospective estimates of digital technology use.","volume":"8","author":"CJR Sewall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mobile Media and Communication"},{"key":"pone.0306910.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/zcwmv","volume-title":"The association between well-being and objectively measured versus self-reported smartphone time","author":"LC Walsh","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0306910.ref009","volume-title":"The Social Dilemma","author":"J. 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