{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T21:25:54Z","timestamp":1788297954118,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015466","name":"Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Faculty Research Innovation Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Faculty Research Innovation Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015466","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG3\/UH3AI169655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3AI169655"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA056264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA056264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Opioid overdose is a major public health challenge. We aimed to understand facilitators and barriers to engagement in medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among persons with OUD in Washington, DC.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We used a cross-sectional mixed-methods concept mapping approach to explore MOUD engagement between 2021\u20132022. Community members at-large generated 70 unique statements in response to the focus prompt: \u201cWhat makes medication for opioid use disorder like buprenorphine (also known as Suboxone or Subutex) difficult to start or keep using?\u201d Persons with OUD (n = 23) and service providers (n = 34) sorted and rated these statements by theme and importance. Data were analyzed with multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis, producing thematic cluster maps. Results were validated by our community advisory board.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Seven themes emerged in response to the focus prompt: availability and accessibility; hopelessness and fear; unmet basic needs; characteristics of treatment programs; understanding and awareness of treatment; personal motivations, attitudes, and beliefs; and easier to use drugs. \u201cAvailability and accessibility,\u201d \u201chopelessness and fear,\u201d and \u201cbasic needs not being met\u201d were the top three identified barriers to MOUD among consumers and providers; however, the order of these priorities differed between consumers and providers. There was a notable lack of communication and programming to address misconceptions about MOUD\u2019s efficacy, side effects, and cost. Stigma underscored many of the statements, showcasing its continued presence in clinical and social spaces.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study distinguishes itself from other research on MOUD delivery and barriers by centering on community members and their lived experiences. Findings emphasize the need to expand access to treatment, dismantle stigma associated with substance use and MOUD, and address underlying circumstances that contribute to the profound sense of hopelessness and fear among persons with OUD\u2013all of which will require collective action from consumers, providers, and the public.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T17:22:32Z","timestamp":1721409752000},"page":"e0306931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identifying facilitators and barriers to the uptake of medication for opioid use disorder in Washington, DC: A community-engaged concept mapping approach"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9825-9850","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Britta","family":"Gullahorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artius M.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3241-9198","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Johnny","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Loken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9240-1212","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tamara","family":"Taggart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0306931.ref001","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug overdose deaths in the U.S. top 100,000 annually [Internet]."},{"key":"pone.0306931.ref002","author":"Centers for Disease Control and 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in social determinants, and more.","volume":"39","author":"AR Weil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Aff."},{"key":"pone.0306931.ref007","author":"American Medical Association","year":"2022","journal-title":"2022 overdose epidemic report [Internet]."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0306931.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14991","article-title":"Opioid agonist treatment and fatal overdose risk in a state-wide US population receiving opioid use disorder services.","volume":"115","author":"N Krawczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"9776","key":"pone.0306931.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60358-9","article-title":"Injectable extended-release naltrexone for opioid dependence: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre randomised trial","volume":"377","author":"E Krupitsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"The 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