{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:09:49Z","timestamp":1740146989974,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DC003083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DC003083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002595","name":"American Otological Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Fellowship Grant 2020 - 21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fellowship Grant 2020 - 21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 HD105353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 HD105353"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate integration of alternating speech, a stimulus which classically produces a V-shaped speech intelligibility function with minimum at 2\u20136 Hz in typical-hearing (TH) listeners. We further studied how degraded speech impacts intelligibility across alternating rates (2, 4, 8, and 32 Hz) using vocoded speech, either in the right ear or bilaterally, to simulate single-sided deafness with a cochlear implant (SSD-CI) and bilateral CIs (BiCI), respectively. To assess potential cortical signatures of across-ear integration, we recorded activity in the bilateral auditory cortices (AC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) during the task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). For speech intelligibility, the V-shaped function was reproduced only in the BiCI condition; TH (with ceiling scores) and SSD-CI conditions had significantly higher scores across all alternating rates compared to the BiCI condition. For fNIRS, the AC and DLPFC exhibited significantly different activity across alternating rates in the TH condition, with altered activity patterns in both regions in the SSD-CI and BiCI conditions. Our results suggest that degraded speech inputs in one or both ears impact across-ear integration and that different listening strategies were employed for speech integration manifested as differences in cortical activity across conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T17:36:00Z","timestamp":1726680960000},"page":"e0307158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cortical mechanisms of across-ear speech integration investigated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6501-1566","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriel G.","family":"Sobczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5285-947X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liberty E.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Bolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth Y.","family":"Litovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0307158.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1918675","article-title":"Equalization and Cancellation Theory of Binaural Masking\u2010Level Differences","volume":"35","author":"NI Durlach","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0307158.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020600782642","article-title":"The perceptual consequences of binaural hearing","volume":"45","author":"H Steven Colburn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0307158.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1639908","article-title":"The benefit of binaural hearing in a cocktail party: Effect of location and type of interferer","volume":"115","author":"ML Hawley","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0307158.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1861598","article-title":"The effect of spatial separation on informational masking of speech in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners","volume":"117","author":"TL Arbogast","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0307158.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3813\/AAA.919224","article-title":"Effects of hearing loss on maintaining and switching attention","volume":"104","author":"AKC Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Acustica united with Acustica"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0307158.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2014.757","article-title":"Neurocognitive risk in children with cochlear implants","volume":"140","author":"WG Kronenberger","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0307158.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1907373","article-title":"Some Further Experiments upon the Recognition of Speech, with One and with Two Ears","volume":"26","author":"EC Cherry","year":"1954","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0307158.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3483733","article-title":"Factors influencing recognition of interrupted speech","volume":"128","author":"X Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0307158.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3606463","article-title":"Perception of interrupted speech: Cross-rate variation in the intelligibility of gated and concatenated sentences","volume":"130","author":"V Shafiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0307158.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-012-0334-3","article-title":"Effect of Speech Degradation on Top-Down Repair: Phonemic Restoration with Simulations of Cochlear Implants and Combined Electric\u2013Acoustic Stimulation","volume":"13","author":"D. 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