{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T19:02:36Z","timestamp":1784919756888,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive fear of scrutiny in social situations. Health students are more susceptible to SAD due to academic demands. They may resort to self-medication, particularly beta-blockers (BBs) for managing physical symptoms of SAD. The study aims to investigate the prevalence of beta-blocker use and its relationship with social anxiety disorder among health students at Umm Al-Qura University.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, 461 undergraduate health students participated in a questionnaire with 30 questions divided into three sections: The Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), BBs usage behavior questionnaire, and demographic characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study found 56.2% had SAD. A total of 7.8% of the sample reported using BBs, and no significant correlation was found between the usage of BBs and the SAD score (P = 0.085).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study revealed significant relationships between the presence of SAD with gender, history of mental conditions, and correlation between the use of BBs with history of mental conditions. Although BBs usage is low among health students, the prevalence of SAD is alarming. The results could raise awareness about the need for early detection of SAD among health students.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T17:24:00Z","timestamp":1723569840000},"page":"e0307163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The prevalence of using beta-blockers and its relationship with social anxiety among health profession students at Umm Al-Qura University"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Baraa Sami","family":"Quronfulah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruyuf Saleh","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebtesam Tariq","family":"Kattan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala Mamun","family":"Tamim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taif Hazzaa","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariyyah Mohammed","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7718-562X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amal Mohammad","family":"Badawoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0307163.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5\u2122","author":"American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5 Task Force","year":"2013","edition":"5"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0307163.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.18869\/acadpub.johe.5.2.72","article-title":"The prevalence of social phobia among students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, and its relation with personality traits in 2013","volume":"5","author":"PAM Hasani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0307163.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200059030-00007","article-title":"A review of the epidemiology and approaches to the treatment of social anxiety disorder","volume":"59","author":"L Sareen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0307163.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617","article-title":"Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"62","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0307163.ref005","unstructured":"The Saudi national survey of mental health technical report. 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