{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:19:00Z","timestamp":1784938740502,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic","award":["e-INFRA CZ ID 90140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["e-INFRA CZ ID 90140"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["KN1097\/7-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KN1097\/7-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Virology and Bacteriology project","award":["LX22NPO5103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LX22NPO5103"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"MEYS CR","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["LM2015091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LM2015091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The treponemes infecting lagomorphs include <jats:italic>Treponema paraluisleporidarum<\/jats:italic> ecovar Cuniculus (<jats:italic>TP<\/jats:italic>eC) and ecovar Lepus (<jats:italic>TP<\/jats:italic>eL), infecting rabbits and hares, respectively. In this study, we described the first complete genome sequence of <jats:italic>TP<\/jats:italic>eL, isolate V3603-13, from an infected mountain hare (<jats:italic>Lepus timidus<\/jats:italic>) in Sweden. In addition, we determined 99.0% of the genome sequence of isolate V246-08 (also from an infected mountain hare, Sweden) and 31.7% of the genome sequence of isolate Z27 A77\/78 (from a European hare, <jats:italic>Lepus europeaus<\/jats:italic>, The Netherlands). The <jats:italic>TP<\/jats:italic>eL V3603-13 genome had considerable gene synteny with the <jats:italic>TP<\/jats:italic>eC Cuniculi A genome and with the human pathogen <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pallidum<\/jats:italic>, which causes syphilis (ssp. <jats:italic>pallidum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TPA<\/jats:italic>), yaws (ssp. <jats:italic>pertenue<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TPE<\/jats:italic>) and endemic syphilis (ssp. <jats:italic>endemicum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TEN<\/jats:italic>). Compared to the <jats:italic>TP<\/jats:italic>eC Cuniculi A genome, <jats:italic>TP<\/jats:italic>eL V3603-13 contained four insertions and 11 deletions longer than three nucleotides (ranging between 6 and2,932 nts). In addition, there were 25 additional indels, from one to three nucleotides long, altogether spanning 36 nts. The number of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) between <jats:italic>TP<\/jats:italic>eC Cuniculi A and <jats:italic>TP<\/jats:italic>eL V3603-13 were represented by 309 nucleotide differences. Major proteome coding differences between <jats:italic>TP<\/jats:italic>eL and <jats:italic>TP<\/jats:italic>eC were found in the <jats:italic>tpr<\/jats:italic> gene family, and (predicted) genes coding for outer membrane proteins, suggesting that these components are essential for host adaptation in lagomorph syphilis. The phylogeny revealed that the <jats:italic>TP<\/jats:italic>eL sample from the European brown hare was more distantly related to <jats:italic>TP<\/jats:italic>eC Cuniculi A than V3603-13 and V246-08.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T17:28:55Z","timestamp":1723483735000},"page":"e0307196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The hare syphilis agent is related to, but distinct from, the treponeme causing rabbit syphilis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Petra","family":"Posp\u00ed\u0161ilov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6989-6330","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Darina","family":"\u010cejkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavla","family":"Bur\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavla","family":"Fedrov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"Mikalov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Najt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Tom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Hisgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Lueert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes T.","family":"Lumeij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik O.","family":"\u00c5gren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sascha","family":"Knauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4176-3464","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"\u0160majs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0307196.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.141","article-title":"Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete: making a living as a stealth pathogen","volume":"14","author":"JD Radolf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0307196.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.03.015","article-title":"Genetics of human and animal uncultivable treponemal pathogens","volume":"61","author":"D \u0160majs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0307196.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.02.001","article-title":"Is there a difference between hare syphilis and rabbit syphilis? 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