{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:12:10Z","timestamp":1790892730865,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In Malaysia, there is now a dearth of recommendations pertaining to the priority of biologic treatments for the effective management of psoriasis, given the multitude of available therapeutic alternatives. Present analysis reports results of a cost-effectiveness model that determines the most optimal arrangement of biologic treatments, with a particular focus of adding biosimilars to the existing treatment pathway for psoriasis in Malaysia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A Markov model was developed to compare the cost effectiveness of various biologic sequential treatments in a hypothetical cohort of moderate to severe psoriasis patient in Malaysia over a lifetime horizon. The model simulated the progression of patients through three lines of active biologic therapy, before transitioning to best supportive care. Costs and effects were discounted annually at a rate of 3%.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>First line secukinumab has produced lowest incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) when compared to first line systemic [ICERs value; US$152,474 (first set analysis) and US$110,572 (second set analysis)] and first line phototherapy [ICERs value; US$147,057 (first set analysis) and US$107,616 (second set analysis)]. However, these values were slightly higher than the Malaysian based threshold of three times gross domestic product per capita, US$104,337. A 40% reduction in the unit costs of reference biologics renders most of the evaluated treatment sequences cost-effective.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Adding biosimilar to the current treatment sequence could achieve cost savings ranging from 4.3% to 10.8% without significant loss of effectiveness. Given the significant impact of comorbidities and the resulting decline in quality of life among individuals with psoriasis, it may be justifiable to establish a threshold of up to US$184,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) for the provision of therapies in the context of Malaysia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T17:31:28Z","timestamp":1725643888000},"page":"e0307234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cost-effectiveness analysis of biologic sequential treatments for moderate-to-severe psoriasis: A Malaysian healthcare system perspective"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1613-4313","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nor Azmaniza","family":"Azizam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mofakhar","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Nauenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6599-3301","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei Chern","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirah","family":"Azzeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7179-9567","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacob","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0307234.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061475","article-title":"Psoriasis pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"20","author":"A Rendon","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"pone.0307234.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52935","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052935","article-title":"Quality of life and work productivity impairment among psoriasis patients: findings from the National Psoriasis Foundation survey data 2003\u20132011.","volume":"7","author":"AW Armstrong","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"pone.0307234.ref003","first-page":"667","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis in China: 2019 concise edition","volume":"25","author":"Committee of Psoriasis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Dermatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"pone.0307234.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04410.x","article-title":"The concept of psoriasis as a systemic inflammation: implications for disease management.","volume":"26","author":"K. 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