{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T05:08:51Z","timestamp":1783746531207,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014538","name":"Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201908223215121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201908223215121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a significant barrier to achieve optimal treatment outcomes. Cardiovascular drugs, including antihypertensive drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, and antithrombotic drugs, are among the most prescribed medications in the primary care setting.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular drug-related ADRs consultations in United Kingdom (UK) primary care and identify risk factors of these ADRs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study of cardiovascular drug users between 2000\u20132019 using UK IQVIA Medical Research Data. ADRs consultations were identified using database screening method employing standardised designated codes. The overall and annual age-standardised prevalence was estimated using direct standardisation method using 2019 mid-year UK population. Risk factors of ADRs consultations were estimated using logistic regression model stratified by therapeutic areas.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The standardised prevalence of consultations related to cardiovascular drugs ADRs was 10.60 (95% CI. 10.46, 10.75) per 1000 patients. Patients aged 70\u201379 years had the highest occurrence of ADRs consultations. The most frequently drug classes implicated in the ADRs consultations were statins (n = 9,993 events, 27.09%), beta-blockers (n = 8,538 events, 23.15%), ACEIs\/ARBs (n = 8,345 events, 22.62%), and aspirin (n = 6,482 events, 17.57%). Risk factors of ADRs consultations were previous history of cardiovascular diseases, e.g., myocardial infarction and stroke; advanced age, comorbidities; diabetes and dyslipidaemia; and polypharmacy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The burden of cardiovascular drug-related ADRs consultations in primary care was considerable. Statins, beta-blockers, ACEIs\/ARBs, and aspirin were the most frequently implicated drug classes. Closer clinical monitoring should be performed for patients affected by the ADRs to mitigate the risk of suboptimal treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T17:24:14Z","timestamp":1721841854000},"page":"e0307237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of cardiovascular drug-related adverse drug reactions consultations in UK primary care: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0066-9746","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Widya N.","family":"Insani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4951-2272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cate","family":"Whittlesea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"25","key":"pone.0307237.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990\u20132019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study","volume":"76","author":"GA Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0307237.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.045465","article-title":"Antithrombotic Therapy for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Mitigation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"142","author":"D Capodanno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0307237.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.15629","article-title":"Statins for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"316","author":"R Chou","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0307237.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511939","article-title":"A Randomized Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control","volume":"373","author":"SR Group","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0307237.ref005","unstructured":"NHS. 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