{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:22:22Z","timestamp":1747196542530,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Very low intensity endurance training (LIT) does not seem to improve maximal oxygen uptake. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if very high volume of LIT could compensate the lack of intensity and is LIT affecting differently low and high intensity performances.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Recreationally active untrained participants (n = 35; 21 females) cycled either LIT (mean training time 6.7 \u00b1 0.7 h \/ week at 63% of maximal heart rate, n = 16) or high intensity training (HIT) (1.6 \u00b1 0.2 h \/week, n = 19) for 10 weeks. Two categories of variables were measured: Low (first lactate threshold, fat oxidation at low intensity exercise, post-exercise recovery) and high (aerobic capacity, second lactate threshold, sprinting power, maximal stroke volume) intensity performance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Only LIT enhanced pooled low intensity performance (LIT: p = 0.01, ES = 0.49, HIT: p = 0.20, ES = 0.20) and HIT pooled high intensity performance (LIT: p = 0.34, ES = 0.05, HIT: p = 0.007, ES = 0.48).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Overall, very low endurance training intensity cannot fully be compensated by high training volume in adaptations to high intensity performance, but it nevertheless improved low intensity performance. Therefore, the intensity threshold for improving low intensity performance is lower than that for improving high intensity performance. Consequently, evaluating the effectiveness of LIT on endurance performance cannot be solely determined by high intensity performance tests.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T17:48:58Z","timestamp":1721670538000},"page":"e0307275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endurance training volume cannot entirely substitute for the lack of intensity"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0241-8406","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pekka","family":"Matom\u00e4ki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olli J.","family":"Heinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Nummela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3822-1733","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heikki","family":"Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0307275.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318213fefb","article-title":"Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise.","volume":"43","author":"CE Garber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"pone.0307275.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200201000-00023","article-title":"V\u02d9O2 reserve and the minimal intensity for improving cardiorespiratory fitness","volume":"34","author":"DP Swain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"pone.0307275.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200636020-00003","article-title":"Is there an Optimal Training Intensity for Enhancing the Maximal Oxygen Uptake of Distance Runners?","volume":"36","author":"AW Midgley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0307275.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199706000-00016","volume":"29","author":"BR Londeree","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"pone.0307275.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273480","article-title":"Refuting the myth of non-response to exercise training: \u2018non-responders\u2019 do respond to higher dose of training.","volume":"595","author":"D Montero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"pone.0307275.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00337","article-title":"Intensity- and duration-based options to regulate endurance training.","volume":"8","author":"P Hofmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0307275.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-021-04820-3","article-title":"Peak fat oxidation is positively associated with vastus lateralis CD36 content, fed-state exercise fat oxidation, and endurance performance in trained males","volume":"122","author":"E Maunder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0307275.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128111","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1128111","article-title":"Durability is improved by both low and high intensity endurance training.","volume":"14","author":"P Matom\u00e4ki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"pone.0307275.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.143834","article-title":"Endurance exercise performance: the physiology of champions","volume":"586","author":"MJ Joyner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"pone.0307275.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e318060f17d","article-title":"Autonomic recovery after exercise in trained athletes: Intensity and duration effects.","volume":"39","author":"S Seiler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"pone.0307275.ref011","article-title":"Anaerobic Speed Reserve and Middle-Distance Performance: A Systematic Review.","author":"A del Arco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Strength Cond J."},{"key":"pone.0307275.ref012","article-title":"Periodization\u2014Theory and Methodology of Training","author":"TO Bomba","year":"2009","journal-title":"5. 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