{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:45:44Z","timestamp":1793065544086,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003542","name":"Ministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec025\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Point-of-Care (POC) PCR-testing provides accurate, and timely results in diagnosing respiratory viral infections. Despite these benefits, stakeholder perceptions and its potential for improving health outcomes remain insufficiently explored. Therefore, we aim to explore the acceptability and feasibility of POC PCR-testing implementation in settings attended by vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec026\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from ambulatory settings, including decision makers, molecular diagnostics experts, healthcare workers, and patients. Study settings included two emergency departments (one adult, one pediatric), two oncology units, and two dialysis units, including both POC PCR implementors and non-implementors. We thematically analyzed our data, drawing on components of the Thematic Framework of Acceptability, the CFIR, and the Consolidated Framework for Sustainability Constructs in Healthcare.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec027\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Stakeholders recognized COVID-19, influenza A&amp;B, and RSV as significant healthcare challenges and generally viewed POC PCR-testing as fit to address them. Stakeholders exhibited varying levels of knowledge about POC PCR-testing, with lower levels among non-implementors. While perceived benefits included rapid results, accuracy, and automation, concerns regarding cost, workload, and device throughput remained. Stakeholders recognized testing\u2019s clinical impact in terms of transmission prevention and patient management. Perceived infection risk, disease prevalence, governmental regulations, and funding availability further influenced implementation decisions. Implementation processes were deemed straightforward, but limited involvement in decision-making processes dissatisfied some healthcare providers. End-users valued POC PCR-devices\u2019 ease-of-use, while molecular diagnostics experts stressed that testing should be performed by medical staff. Sustainability considerations emphasized the stepwise development of testing guidelines, adaptation to local workflows, and continuous evaluation and quality control.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec028\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>POC PCR-testing for respiratory viral infections is generally accepted. Knowledge, cost, workload and perceived benefit of testing guide decisions, while testing upon suspicion is favored over screening strategies due to per-test-cost and low device throughput. Sustainability requires cost-efficiency through guidelines and outcome monitoring. While test accuracy and turnover-time are valued, clinical impact requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T17:26:33Z","timestamp":1753809993000},"page":"e0307621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Implementation of Point-of-Care PCR-testing for the diagnosis of respiratory infections in vulnerable patient populations"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6179-8278","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hannah","family":"Tolle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Wachinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda del Mar","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivonne","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia M.","family":"Denkinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"166","key":"pone.0307621.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0051-2022","article-title":"Respiratory viruses: their importance and lessons learned from COVID-19","volume":"31","author":"C Cilloniz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0307621.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2018.1419065","article-title":"Point-of-care diagnostics for respiratory viral infections","volume":"18","author":"K Basile","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0307621.ref003","article-title":"Point-of-care testing for infectious diseases: diversity, complexity, and barriers in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"9","author":"NP Pai","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0307621.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2020.100062","article-title":"Point of Care Nucleic Acid Testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Hospitalized Patients: A Clinical Validation Trial and Implementation Study","volume":"1","author":"DA Collier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"issue":"50","key":"pone.0307621.ref005","article-title":"Antigentests auf SARS-CoV-2 - Es z\u00e4hlt auch die Schnelligkeit","volume":"117","author":"C Gottschalk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0307621.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06378-z","article-title":"High risk groups for severe COVID-19 in a whole of population cohort in Australia","volume":"21","author":"B Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0307621.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-07200-x","article-title":"The lost productivity cost of absenteeism due to COVID-19 in health care workers in Iran: a case study in the hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","volume":"21","author":"A Faramarzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0307621.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab328","article-title":"Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Inpatient and Outpatient Settings in a Veterans Affairs Health Care System","volume":"8","author":"C Jinadatha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0307621.ref009","article-title":"Healthcare personnel exposure to COVID - 19: an observational study on quarantined positive workers","volume":"91","author":"I Rubbi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"pone.0307621.ref010","first-page":"111","article-title":"Guidelines for point-of-care testing. 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