{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T12:29:54Z","timestamp":1780316994997,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) had been increasing steadily among older Americans but plateaued in 2015\u20132017. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) are important causes of HCC. The impact of improved treatments for these infections on recent trends in HCC incidence is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To examine the relationship between use of antiviral therapy for chronic viral hepatis and HCC incidence in older Americans.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We used 2007\u20132017 data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results\u2014Medicare database to estimate age-standardized incidence rates and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) for viral hepatitis-attributable HCC among individuals \u226566 years. We analyzed data from Medicare Part D to determine the frequency of HBV and HCV treatment utilization in this population.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Overall HCC incidence increased 10.5%, from 22.2\/100,000 in 2007 to 24.5\/100,000 in 2017 (AAPC, 1.3%). During that time, HBV-attributable HCC rates decreased from 2.5 to 2.0\/100,000 (AAPC, -1.6%), while HCV-attributable HCC rose from 6.6 to 8.0\/100,000 (AAPC, 2.0%). HBV treatment among patients with HBV infection increased by 66% (2007, 7.4%; 2015, 12.3%). Treatment for HCV was stable at &lt;2% during 2006\u20132013 but rose to 6.9% in 2014 and 12.7% in 2015, coinciding with the introduction of direct acting antiviral agents for HCV.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A decreased incidence of HBV-attributable HCC corresponded with an increased uptake in treatment for that infection. Despite a marked increase in the effectiveness and frequency of HCV treatment in 2014 and 2015, HCV-attributable HCC had not begun to fall as of 2017.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T17:27:44Z","timestamp":1730482064000},"page":"e0307746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Trends in hepatocellular carcinoma and viral hepatitis treatment in older Americans"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Joy","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith 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