{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:57:31Z","timestamp":1787241451653,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/L018934\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/L018934\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B9R00770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B9R00770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In Myanmar, where backyard, semi-intensive, and intensive pig (\n                    <jats:italic>Sus scrofa domesticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) farming coexist, there is limited understanding of the zoonotic risks and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with these farming practices. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, AMR and genomic features of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    in pig farms in the Yangon region and the impact of farm intensification to provide evidence to support risk-based future management approaches. Twenty-three farms with different production scales were sampled for two periods with three sampling-visit each. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and whole-genome sequencing were performed on the isolates. The prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    was 44.5% in samples collected from backyard farms, followed by intensive (39.5%) and semi-intensive farms (19.5%). The prevalence of multi-drug resistant isolates from intensive farms (45\/84, 53.6%) was higher than those from backyard (32\/171, 18.7%) and semi-intensive farms (25\/161, 15.5%). Among 28 different serovars identified,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Weltevreden (40; 14.5%),\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Kentucky (38; 13.8%),\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Stanley (35, 12.7%),\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium (22; 8.0%) and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Brancaster (20; 7.3%) were the most prevalent serovars and accounted for 56.3% of the genome sequenced strains. The diversity of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovars was highest in semi-intensive and backyard farms (21 and 19 different serovars, respectively). The high prevalence of globally emerging\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Kentucky ST198 was detected on backyard farms. The invasive-infection linked typhoid-toxin gene (\n                    <jats:italic>cdtB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was found in the backyard farm isolated\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium, relatively enriched in virulence and AMR genes, presented an important target for future surveillance. While intensification, in terms of semi-intensive versus backyard production, maybe a mitigator for zoonotic risk through a lower prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , intensive production appears to enhance AMR-associated risks. Therefore, it remains crucial to closely monitor the AMR and virulence potential of this pathogen at all scales of production. The results underscored the complex relationship between intensification of animal production and the prevalence, diversity and AMR of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    from pig farms in Myanmar.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T13:31:11Z","timestamp":1726752671000},"page":"e0307868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genomic comparison of non-typhoidal salmonella isolated from pig farms with different levels of intensification in Yangon Region, Myanmar"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Nguyen Vinh","family":"Trung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aung","family":"Zaw Moe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hlaing","family":"May Than","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran Thi","family":"Bich Chieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. S. Md","family":"Mukarram Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8541-5023","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nguyen","family":"Trung Thanh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huynh Xuan","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phung Le Kim","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Huu","family":"Nghia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9531-1711","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gemma G. R.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiri","family":"Su Wai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Thein Maw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hnin Thidar","family":"Myint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye Tun","family":"Win","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0258-3188","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Thwaites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5065-653X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Duncan J.","family":"Maskell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander W.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngo Thi","family":"Hoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0307868.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1086\/650733","article-title":"The global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis","volume":"50","author":"SE Majowicz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America."},{"issue":"10159","key":"pone.0307868.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"GBD GBDS","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0307868.ref003","first-page":"20449","article-title":"The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2011. 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