{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:49:42Z","timestamp":1787500182588,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The focus of this review was to systematically review and meta-analyse the prevalence of ACEs among university students in the UK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The systematic searching of six electronic databases (conducted February 2024) identified ten relevant articles (peer-reviewed articles of a quantitative nature that included ACE prevalence). PROSPERO reference: CRD42022364799.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pooled prevalence for number of ACEs endured was 55.4% (95% CI: 32.4% - 78.4%; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      &gt; 99.5%) for one or more, and 31.6% (7.5% - 55.6%; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      &gt; 99.5%) for three or more. Pooled prevalence was: 15.9% (7.0% - 24.7%; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      &gt; 94.5%) for physical abuse; 27.0% (18.1% - 35.9%; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      &gt; 94.5%) for emotional abuse; 12.1% (5.2% - 19.0%; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      &gt; 94.5%) for sexual abuse; 8.4% (1.7% - 15.1%; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      &gt; 95.4%) for physical neglect, and 30.0% (21.5% - 38.5%; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      &gt; 95.4%) for emotional neglect. Pooled prevalence for household dysfunction categories were: 34.4% (22.8% - 46.0%) for parental separation; 18.4% (10.1% - 26.8%) for domestic violence; 35.2% (23.6% - 46.8%) for mental health difficulties; 21.4% (12.9% - 29.9%) for substance use; and 5.7% (2.3% - 9.1%) for incarceration (I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      &gt; 88.8% for all household dysfunction items). Significant heterogeneity was observed between studies for most categories of adversity, and it was not possible to explain\/reduce this variance by removing small numbers of influential\/discrepant studies. Further analyses suggested potential influences of measurement tool used, country of data collection, and age and sex of participants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results demonstrate considerable, largely unaccounted-for, heterogeneity in estimates of the prevalence of ACEs, impeding confidence in any summary statistics. Conclusions must be tentative due to analyses being underpowered given small numbers of papers, as well as potential confounds, meaning results may not be truly representative. However, results do suggest high prevalence rates which warrant further investigation, with appropriate support offered to students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0308038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T14:12:47Z","timestamp":1724854367000},"page":"e0308038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Exploring the prevalence of childhood adversity among university students in the United Kingdom: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7898-4204","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jackie","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Welham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0308038.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study.","volume":"14","author":"VJ Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"American journal of preventive medicine"},{"key":"pone.0308038.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-12-72","article-title":"National household survey of adverse childhood experiences and their relationship with resilience to health-harming behaviors in England.","volume":"12","author":"MA Bellis","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC medicine."},{"key":"pone.0308038.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-devpsych-121318-084950","article-title":"Childhood adversity and neural development: A systematic review.","volume":"1","author":"KA McLaughlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annual review of developmental psychology"},{"key":"pone.0308038.ref004","first-page":"119","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults.","author":"American Psychological Association","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0308038.ref005","volume-title":"Adverse childhood experiences international questionnaire (ACE-IQ).","author":"World Health Organisation.","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0308038.ref006","first-page":"49","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in Hertfordshire, Luton and Northamptonshire.","author":"K Ford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liverpool: Liverpool John Moores University"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0308038.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e356","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30118-4","article-title":"The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"K Hughes","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet public health"},{"key":"pone.0308038.ref008","article-title":"The timing and quality of early experiences combine to shape brain architecture: Working paper 5.","author":"National Scientific Council on the Developing Child","year":"2008","journal-title":"Harvard University, Center on the Developing Child"},{"key":"pone.0308038.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101784","article-title":"Cognitive variations following exposure to childhood adversity: Evidence from a pre-registered, longitudinal study.","volume":"56","author":"T Nweze","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eclinicalmedicine."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0308038.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.07.022","article-title":"Associations between adverse childhood experiences, high-risk behaviors, and morbidity in adulthood","volume":"50","author":"JA Campbell","year":"2016","journal-title":"American journal of preventive medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0308038.ref011","first-page":"34","article-title":"Gender differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"5","author":"N. 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