{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T15:27:39Z","timestamp":1789918059830,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health emergency with prevalence in sub-Sahara Africa expected to experience the highest increase by 2045. Glycemic control is central to diabetes management, but it is influenced by various factors. This study determines the level of glycemic control and the associated individual factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Shai-Osudoku District Hospital from 9\n th<\/jats:sup>\n November to 15\n th<\/jats:sup>\n December 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle modifications, co-morbidities, adherence to medication and diet regimens and duration of diabetes. Anthropometric and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements were taken. Chi-squared and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine factors associated with glycemic control at 95% confidence levels.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 227 patients participated in this study. The majority of the participants were females (77.97%) and the mean (\n +<\/jats:underline>\n SD) age was 60.76\n +<\/jats:underline>\n 12.12 years. Good glycemic control (HbA1c < 7%) among the participants was 38.77% (n = 88) and the median HbA1c was 7.5% (IQR: 6.5% to 9.4%). Significant factors associated with good glycemic control were eating healthy meals (AOR: 4.78, 95% CI: 1.65, 13.88: p = 0.004), oral hypoglycemic agents alone (AOR: 15.71, 95% CI: 1.90, 129.44: p = 0.010) and those with previously good glycemic control (AOR: 4.27, 95% CI: 2.16, 8.43: <0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This study showed low levels of good glycemic control among T2DM patients at the primary care level in Ghana. Healthy eating, oral hypoglycemic agents and those with previously normal HbA1c were associated with glycemic control.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0308046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T13:35:51Z","timestamp":1732541751000},"page":"e0308046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Determinants of glycemic control among persons living with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending a district hospital in Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6987-1617","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander","family":"Adjei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kennedy Tettey Coffie","family":"Brightson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Matey","family":"Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jemima","family":"Osei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Drah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement Tetteh","family":"Narh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwabena","family":"Asare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Anto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0308046.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i6.850","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus: The epidemic of the century","volume":"6","author":"AT Kharroubi","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"pone.0308046.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"H Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0308046.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihy067","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for diabetes mellitus among adults in Ghana: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"M Asamoah-Boaheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"pone.0308046.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9240398","article-title":"High hidden burden of diabetes mellitus among adults aged 18 years and above in urban northwest Ethiopia","volume":"2020","author":"HF Wolde","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0308046.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-021-00997-0","article-title":"Glycemic Control and Prevention of Diabetic Complications in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Expert Opinion","volume":"12","author":"P Aschner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0308046.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.23937\/2572-407X.1510024","article-title":"The Incidence and Predictors of Poor Glycemic Control among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ambulatory Clinic of Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, South Western, Ethiopia: A Prospective Cross Sectional Study","volume":"7","author":"B Gudisa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Arch Endocrinol Clin Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0308046.ref007","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mediators of the association between low socioeconomic status and poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetics in Bangladesh","volume":"10","author":"M Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0308046.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018817742070","article-title":"Glycemic control among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Gaza Strip, Palestine","volume":"9","author":"M Radwan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0308046.ref009","first-page":"6","article-title":"Glycemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients","volume":"14","author":"SA Bin Rakhis","year":"2022","journal-title":"A Systematic Review. 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