{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:33:30Z","timestamp":1785285210307,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Accurate measurement is indispensable for effectively managing hypertension (HTN); any error in technique or instrumentation can lead to misdiagnosis and improper management. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the knowledge and skills of blood pressure (BP) measurement among nurses at a tertiary care cardiac center in Karachi.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Nursing staff responsible for BP assessment at various stations were identified, observed, and interviewed to evaluate their skill and knowledge levels regarding BP measurement techniques. Nurses\u2019 skill levels were assessed using a checklist based on the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for BP assessment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Seventy-five nurses participated in the study, with 49 (65.3%) being male and a mean age of 32.1 \u00b1 6.2 years. Only 25 (33.3%) nurses reported reading the AHA guidelines for BP measurement. None of the nurses demonstrated excellent skills; 19 (25.3%) showed good skills, while 56 (74.7%) showed poor skills in BP measurement. A poor compliance was observed on a total of 14\/31 steps with compliance rate of less than 50%. Similarly, none of the nurses exhibited excellent knowledge; only 3 (4%) had good knowledge, while 72 (96%) had poor knowledge about BP measurement. A poor knowledge was observed on a total of 18\/36 items with correct response rate of less than 50%.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Nurses working at various stations of a tertiary cardiac center exhibited inadequate skills and knowledge regarding BP measurement. This underscores the necessity for comprehensive training and education to enhance the accurate assessment of BP.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0308485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T17:38:07Z","timestamp":1726767487000},"page":"e0308485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of blood pressure measurement technique amongst nurses working at a tertiary care cardiac center"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Younis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2480-9629","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Khalid Iqbal","family":"Bhatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalsoom","family":"Chachar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paras","family":"Nazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javaria","family":"Rafique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areesha","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjana","family":"Karera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fawad","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Hakeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahir","family":"Saghir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jawaid Akbar","family":"Sial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0308485.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.11.025","article-title":"Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in chronic kidney disease","volume":"121","author":"PA Sarafidis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0308485.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0207472","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207472","article-title":"Factors associated with the severity of hypertension among Malaysian adults","volume":"14","author":"B Mahadir Naidu","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0308485.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.2.199","article-title":"Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988\u20132000","volume":"290","author":"I Hajjar","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0308485.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200305000-00014","article-title":"Ethnic subgroup differences in hypertension in Pakistan","volume":"21","author":"TH Jafar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0308485.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001131","article-title":"Hypertension and its determinants among adults in high mountain villages of the Northern Areas of Pakistan","volume":"15","author":"SM Shah","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0308485.ref006","first-page":"165","article-title":"Global Burden of Hypertension and Systolic Blood Pressure of at Least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990\u20132015 [published correction appears in JAMA. 2017 Feb 14;317(6):648].","volume":"317","author":"MH Forouzanfar","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0308485.ref007","first-page":"733","article-title":"Determine prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among employees working at Port Said University","volume":"81","author":"MA Hassan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med J Cairo Univ"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0308485.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.25.3.305","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population. 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