{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:55:39Z","timestamp":1787684139549,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This scoping review is being supported by a York University Research Support Grant and Library Minor Research Grant, as well as the Research At York (RAY) program."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\nObjective<\/jats:title>\nThe objective of this proposed scoping review is to identify and map the available evidence on interventions that aim to help informal caregivers identify and\/or manage delirium in an older person at home.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nIntroduction<\/jats:title>\nDelirium is a neurocognitive condition characterized by acute confusion and is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Research estimates delirium to be present in 17% of community-dwellers aged 85 and older, increasing proportionally with age to 45% in those aged 90 and older. Delirium often occurs at the onset of an older person\u2019s acute illness or exacerbation of a chronic illness (sometimes while at home) and, because of its protracted nature, usually continues after a hospital stay. Even when an older person\u2019s delirium resolves during hospitalization, they remain at risk of its recurrence after discharge home. Consequently, knowing how to detect and manage delirium is critical for informal caregivers of older people at home. However, there are no reviews focused exclusively on this topic in this setting.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nInclusion criteria<\/jats:title>\nThe population of interest includes informal caregivers of a person aged 65+. Concepts of interest include delirium detection and\/or management interventions. The context of interest is any setting where informal care is delivered, including the transition from hospital to home, in any geographical area.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMaterials and methods<\/jats:title>\nThe review will be conducted according to the JBI guidelines for scoping reviews. A three-step search strategy will be used to locate both published and unpublished papers in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health, SCOPUS, LILACS, and SciELO, PQD&T, NDLTD, Google Scholar and Google. No language restrictions will be placed on the review. Papers will be screened for eligibility at the title, abstract, and full text level by two independent reviewers. Data will be extracted by two independent reviewers and managed in Covidence. Any disagreements in screening or data extraction will be resolved by consensus or a third reviewer. Results will be summarised in narrative and tabular formats.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0308886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T17:27:06Z","timestamp":1726853226000},"page":"e0308886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Non-pharmacological delirium detection and management interventions for informal caregivers of older people at home: A scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0572-3892","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mary T.","family":"Fox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilo-Katryn","family":"Maimets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey I.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souraya","family":"Sidani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Godfrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0308886.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5\u2122 5th ed","author":"American Psychiatric Association D-TF.","year":"2013"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0308886.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1605501","article-title":"Delirium in Hospitalized Older Adults","volume":"377","author":"ER Marcantonio","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J 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Geriatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0308886.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa040","article-title":"The consistent burden in published estimates of delirium occurrence in medical inpatients over four decades: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.","volume":"49","author":"K Gibb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Age Ageing."},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0308886.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13545","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of delirium and subsyndromal delirium in Chinese older adults.","volume":"18","author":"KK Yam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int."},{"key":"pone.0308886.ref008","article-title":"Delirium in older adults is associated with development of new dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"2021","author":"JV Pereira","year":"2021","journal-title":"International journal of geriatric psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0308886.ref009","first-page":"36822","article-title":"Persistent delirium in older hospital patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"1","author":"J Whitby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Delirium (Bielef)."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0308886.ref010","first-page":"90","article-title":"Partial and no recovery from delirium after hospital discharge predict increased adverse events.","volume":"46","author":"MG Cole","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age and Ageing."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0308886.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12321","DOI":"10.1111\/opn.12321","article-title":"Family caregiver\u2019s experience of caring for an older adult with delirium: A systematic review.","volume":"15","author":"P Shrestha","year":"2020","journal-title":"International journal of older people nursing"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0308886.ref012","first-page":"150","article-title":"Delirium in older persons: evaluation and management.","volume":"90","author":"VB Kalish","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician."},{"key":"pone.0308886.ref013","volume-title":"Delirium: acute confusional states","author":"ZJ Lipowski","year":"1990"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0308886.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e480","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004313","article-title":"Association of Hypoactive and Hyperactive Delirium With Cognitive Function After Critical Illness.","volume":"48","author":"CJ Hayhurst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0308886.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12154","article-title":"Educating Family Caregivers for Older Adults About Delirium: A Systematic Review.","volume":"13","author":"MJ Bull","year":"2016","journal-title":"Worldviews on evidence-based nursing \/ Sigma Theta Tau International, Honor Society of Nursing."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0308886.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12050760","article-title":"Non-Pharmacological Nursing Interventions to Prevent Delirium in ICU Patients-An Umbrella Review with Implications for Evidence-Based Practice.","volume":"12","author":"S Lange","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med."},{"key":"pone.0308886.ref017","article-title":"The family in preventing delirium in the intensive care unit: Scoping review.","volume":"2022","author":"BA Pab\u00f3n-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Enfermeria intensiva"},{"key":"pone.0308886.ref018","article-title":"Family-centred care interventions to reduce the delirium prevalence in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"2022","author":"L Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nursing open"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0308886.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.12688","article-title":"Family intervention improves outcomes for patients with delirium: Systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"39","author":"J McKenzie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Australasian journal on ageing"},{"key":"pone.0308886.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.11.011","article-title":"Family intervention for delirium for patients in the intensive care unit: A systematic meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"M Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of clinical neuroscience: official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia"},{"key":"pone.0308886.ref021","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the Family Confusion Assessment Method for delirium detection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","author":"C Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0308886.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnu035","article-title":"Delirium and the Family Caregiver: The Need 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