{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:15:27Z","timestamp":1784178927955,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSP OrganAge 413668513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSP OrganAge 413668513"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Women developing preeclampsia (PE) or fetal growth restriction (FGR) during pregnancy are at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) later in life. We aimed to analyse cardiovascular health of women 10\u201320 years after affected pregnancies in comparison to women after uneventful pregnancies. In addition, we assessed a potential long-term effect of the NO-donor pentaerythrityl tetranitrate (PETN).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Women 10\u201320 years after severe PE, including women receiving PETN during pregnancy and matched controls were recruited and assessed for baseline clinical data and cardiovascular function by transthoracic echocardiography, VICORDER and USCOM. SPSS was used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>53 participants after PE\/FGR (13 with former PETN intake) and 51 controls were recruited for follow-up at an average of 14 years after index pregnancies. Compared to controls, women after PE\/FGR had a significantly higher incidence of arterial hypertension (13.7% vs. 41.5%, p&lt;0.001), and were more likely to be hypertensive (41.2% vs. 67.30%, p = 0.008). There were no differences in cardiovascular function observed. Affected women with PETN intake during pregnancy showed lower mean values for right atrial area and ventricle in comparison to controls and also to affected women without former medication.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In conclusion, our study results confirm that the risk of CVD is increased in women after PE\/FGR compared to women after uneventful pregnancies. Contrary to our expectations, no major cardiovascular changes were observed in our cohort 10\u201320 years post pregnancy. The observed differences found in right heart dimensions were within reference ranges, and should be interpreted with caution.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0309177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T17:30:24Z","timestamp":1729013424000},"page":"e0309177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cardiovascular health of women 10 to 20 years after placenta-related pregnancy diseases considering the possible effect of pentaerythrityl tetranitrate treatment during pregnancy on long-term maternal cardiovascular health (PAVA study)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Charlotte","family":"L\u00f6\u00dfner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Multhaup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"B\u00e4z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Heimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekkehard","family":"Schleu\u00dfner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3553-4056","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tanja","family":"Groten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"S1","key":"pone.0309177.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13522","article-title":"FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) initiative on fetal growth: Best practice advice for screening, diagnosis, and management of fetal growth restriction.","volume":"152","author":"N. Melamed","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0309177.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2009.02.010","article-title":"The global impact of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia","volume":"33","author":"L. Duley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0309177.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14974","article-title":"Affinity-Enhanced Multimeric VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) and PlGF (Placental Growth Factor) Variants for Specific Adsorption of sFlt-1 to Restore Angiogenic Balance in Preeclampsia","volume":"76","author":"M. Matin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"9273","key":"pone.0309177.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05112-6","article-title":"Pregnancy complications and maternal risk of ischaemic heart disease: a retrospective cohort study of 129,290 births","volume":"357","author":"G.C. Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0309177.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2018.05.010","article-title":"Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and future heart failure risk: A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"S.N. Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":". Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0309177.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.07.028","article-title":"Effect of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) on the development of fetal growth restriction in pregnancies with impaired uteroplacental perfusion at midgestation-a randomized trial","volume":"228","author":"T. Groten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0309177.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2013-0212","article-title":"Impact of the nitric oxide-donor pentaerythrityl-tetranitrate on perinatal outcome in risk pregnancies: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial","volume":"42","author":"E. 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Daiber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0309177.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5234","article-title":"Maternal and fetal hemodynamic effects induced by nitric oxide donors and plasma volume expansion in pregnancies with gestational hypertension complicated by intrauterine growth restriction with absent end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery","volume":"31","author":"H. 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