{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T11:21:42Z","timestamp":1753183302494,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc"},{"name":"Lundbeck, LLC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To collect evidence on the possibility that patients with depression experience self-stigmatization based on label information for medications.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We developed a discrete-choice experiment (DCE) survey instrument that asked respondents to make choices between hypothetical treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). We also included treatment type (antidepressants versus antipsychotics) and approved indications for the medication. The choice questions mimicked the information presented in product inserts and required systematic tradeoffs between treatment efficacy, treatment type, and indication. We calculated how many patients were willing to forgo efficacy to avoid treatments with information associated with self-stigmatization, and how much efficacy they were willing to forgo. We also evaluated the impact of contextualizing the treatment information to reduce self-stigmatization by randomizing respondents who received additional context.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 501 patients with MDD were recruited to complete the DCE survey. Respondents had well-defined preferences for treatment outcomes. Over 60% (63.4%) of respondents were found to be significantly affected by treatment indication. These respondents were willing to forgo about 2.5 percentage points in the chance of treatment efficacy to avoid treatments indicated for schizophrenia. We also find that some level of contextualization of the treatment details could help reduce the negative impact of treatment type and indications.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Product-label treatment indication can potentially lead to patient self-stigmatization as shown by patients\u2019 avoidance of treatments that are also used to treat schizophrenia. While the effect appears to be relatively small, results suggests that the issue is likely pervasive.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0309562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T17:25:48Z","timestamp":1725384348000},"page":"e0309562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Self-stigmatization and treatment preferences: Measuring the impact of treatment labels on choices for depression medications"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5386-0907","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan Marcos","family":"Gonzalez Sepulveda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi C.","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maalak","family":"Brubaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reed","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0309562.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2009.01.001","article-title":"Perceived social stigma, self-concept, and self-stigmatization of patient with schizophrenia","volume":"51","author":"M.V. 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Fung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0309562.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2975\/32.2.2008.95.104","article-title":"Self-stigma of people with schizophrenia as predictor of their adherence to psychosocial treatment","volume":"32","author":"K.M. Fung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatric rehabilitation journal"},{"key":"pone.0309562.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S99136","article-title":"Connection between self-stigma, adherence to treatment, and discontinuation of medication","volume":"10","author":"D. Kamaradova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Patient preference and adherence"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0309562.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.11.002","article-title":"Stigma as a barrier to recovery from mental illness","volume":"16","author":"O.F. 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Raue","year":"2010","journal-title":"International journal of geriatric psychiatry"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0309562","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T17:26:13Z","timestamp":1725384373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0309562"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Souparno","family":"Mitra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0309562","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]}}}