{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T12:28:13Z","timestamp":1784723293740,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000925","name":"John Templeton Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCS1917920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCS1917920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Conflict is a ubiquitous, but potentially destructive, feature of social life. In the current research, we argue that intellectual humility\u2014the awareness of one\u2019s intellectual fallibility\u2014plays an important role in promoting constructive responses and decreasing destructive responses to conflict in different contexts. In Study 1, we examine the role of intellectual humility in interpersonal conflicts with friends and family members. In Study 2, we extend this finding to workplace conflicts. In both studies we find that intellectual humility predicts more constructive and less destructive responses to conflict. This work extends the burgeoning literature on the benefits of intellectual humility by demonstrating its association with responses that help defuse conflictual encounters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0309848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T17:55:19Z","timestamp":1725645319000},"page":"e0309848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Intellectual humility is reliably associated with constructive responses to conflict"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1621-5925","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonah","family":"Koetke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9907-2383","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karina","family":"Schumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Welker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter T.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0309848.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.127.4.472","article-title":"Marriage and health: his and hers","volume":"127","author":"JK Kiecolt-Glaser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0309848.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.1999.00287.x","article-title":"Rebound from marital conflict and divorce prediction","volume":"38","author":"JM Gottman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Family process"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0309848.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.15.3.355","article-title":"Children of divorce in the 1990s: an update of the Amato and Keith (1991) meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"PR Amato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of family psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0309848.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.29.6.940","article-title":"Patterns of marital conflict predict children\u2019s internalizing and externalizing behaviors","volume":"29","author":"LF Katz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Developmental psychology"},{"key":"pone.0309848.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CCFP.0000020191.73542.b0","article-title":"What are the costs of marital conflict and dissolution to children\u2019s physical health?","volume":"7","author":"WM Troxel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical child and family psychology review"},{"key":"pone.0309848.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.07.007","article-title":"Friendship loss and dissolution in adulthood: A conceptual model","volume":"43","author":"G Vieth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0309848.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.5172\/jmo.837.14.4.330","article-title":"Negative relationships in the workplace: Associations with organisational commitment, cohesion, job satisfaction and intention to turnover","volume":"14","author":"RL Morrison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Management & Organization"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0309848.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/HMR.0b013e3181e3940e","article-title":"The shocking cost of turnover in health care","volume":"35","author":"JD Waldman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Care Management Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0309848.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.2307\/259136","article-title":"Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace","volume":"24","author":"LM Andersson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Academy of management review"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0309848.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1177\/014920639502100306","article-title":"Conflict and its management","volume":"21","author":"JA Wall","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of management"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0309848.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2337(1996)22:3<161::AID-AB1>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Workplace violence and workplace aggression: Evidence on their relative frequency and potential causes","volume":"22","author":"RA Baron","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression"},{"key":"pone.0309848.ref012","unstructured":"Pieniazek, J. (2021, February 12). The blow: By: Blow on remote work conflict [2021 study]: MPR. My Perfect Resume. November 28, 2022, from https:\/\/www.myperfectresume.com\/career-center\/careers\/basics\/remote-work-conflict."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0309848.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/000276427301700206","article-title":"The resolution of conflict: Constructive and destructive processes","volume":"17","author":"M. Deutsch","year":"1973","journal-title":"American Behavioral Scientist"},{"key":"pone.0309848.ref014","first-page":"22","article-title":"Productive conflict: The importance of conflict management and conflict issue","volume":"9","author":"CK De Dreu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Using conflict in organizations"},{"key":"pone.0309848.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Dreu CK, Aaldering H, Saygi \u00d6. Conflict and negotiation within and between groups. 2015.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315772745"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0309848.ref016","first-page":"93","article-title":"Want collaboration","volume":"83","author":"J Weiss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Harvard business review"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0309848.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167210383045","article-title":"Helping each other grow: Romantic partner support, self-improvement, and relationship quality","volume":"36","author":"NC Overall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Personality and social psychology bulletin"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0309848.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.86.6.1191","article-title":"Minority dissent and team innovation: The importance of participation in decision making","volume":"86","author":"CK De Dreu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of applied Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0309848.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024200","article-title":"Reaping the benefits of task conflict in teams: the critical role of team psychological safety climate","volume":"97","author":"BH Bradley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0309848.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-022-00081-9","article-title":"Predictors and consequences of intellectual humility","volume":"1","author":"T Porter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0309848.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2021.1975725","article-title":"Clarifying the content of intellectual humility: A systematic review and integrative framework","volume":"104","author":"T Porter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of personality assessment"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0309848.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167217697695","article-title":"Cognitive and interpersonal features of intellectual humility","volume":"43","author":"MR Leary","year":"2017","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0309848.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gby016","article-title":"Situation-based contingencies underlying wisdom-content manifestations: Examining intellectual humility in daily life","volume":"73","author":"CE Zachry","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series B"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0309848.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.59.5.994","article-title":"Victim and perpetrator accounts of interpersonal conflict: Autobiographical narratives about anger","volume":"59","author":"RF Baumeister","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of personality and social psychology"},{"key":"pone.0309848.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2014.04.013","article-title":"An affirmed self and a better apology: The effect of self-affirmation on transgressors\u2019 responses to victims","volume":"54","author":"K. Schumann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0309848.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167221997619","article-title":"Stepping outside the echo chamber: Is intellectual humility associated with less political myside bias?","volume":"48","author":"SM Bowes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0309848.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797620969170","article-title":"Training for wisdom: The distanced-self-reflection diary method","volume":"32","author":"I Grossmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0309848.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1080\/15298868.2020.1714711","article-title":"Intellectual humility in the sociopolitical domain","volume":"19","author":"EJ Krumrei-Mancuso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Self and Identity"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0309848.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2020.1738536","article-title":"Intellectual humility in conversation: Distinct behavioral indicators of self and peer ratings","volume":"16","author":"BR Meagher","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Positive Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0309848.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2016.1167938","article-title":"Intellectual humility and prosocial values: Direct and mediated effects","volume":"12","author":"EJ Krumrei-Mancuso","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Positive Psychology"},{"key":"pone.0309848.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2021.111477","article-title":"Humble and apologetic? Predicting apology quality with intellectual and general humility","volume":"188","author":"JM Ludwig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0309848.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000171","article-title":"Wisdom, bias, and balance: Toward a process-sensitive measurement of wisdom-related cognition","volume":"115","author":"JP Brienza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0309848.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23432-1","article-title":"Wise reasoning, intergroup positivity, and attitude polarization across contexts","volume":"12","author":"JP Brienza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0309848.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691616672066","article-title":"Wisdom in context","volume":"12","author":"I. Grossmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perspectives on psychological science"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0309848.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0061","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-017-0061","article-title":"Wise deliberation sustains cooperation","volume":"1","author":"I Grossmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0309848.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550620931985","article-title":"Wise reasoning about the future is associated with adaptive interpersonal feelings after relational challenges","volume":"12","author":"J Peetz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Social Psychological and Personality Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0309848.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.5964\/jspp.10651","article-title":"The Online Educational Program \u2018Perspectives\u2019 Improves Affective Polarization, Intellectual Humility, and Conflict Management","volume":"11","author":"KM Welker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Political Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0309848.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2015.1068174","article-title":"The development and validation of the comprehensive intellectual humility scale","volume":"98","author":"EJ Krumrei-Mancuso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"key":"pone.0309848.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2020.103992","article-title":"Intellectual humility and between-party animus: Implications for affective polarization in two community samples","volume":"88","author":"SM Bowes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0309848.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavior research methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0309848.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1571-9979.2001.tb00246.x","article-title":"A systematic approach to evaluating the effects of collaborative negotiation training on individuals and groups","volume":"17","author":"PT Coleman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Negotiation Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0309848.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.5964\/ejop.v3i4.417","article-title":"The development of the brief social desirability scale (BSDS)","volume":"3","author":"R. Haghighat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Europe\u2019s Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"pone.0309848.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bates D, M\u00e4chler M, Bolker B, Walker S. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.5823. 2014 Jun 23.","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0309848.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13","article-title":"lmerTest package: tests in linear mixed effects models","volume":"82","author":"A Kuznetsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of statistical software"},{"key":"pone.0309848.ref045","unstructured":"R Core Team (2023). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"pone.0309848.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00074","article-title":"Data with hierarchical structure: impact of intraclass correlation and sample size on type-I error","volume":"2","author":"SC Musca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in psychology"},{"key":"pone.0309848.ref047","unstructured":"Lee IA, Preacher KJ. Calculation for the test of the difference between two dependent correlations with one variable in common [Computer software]."},{"key":"pone.0309848.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.06.069","article-title":"Effect size guidelines for individual differences researchers","volume":"102","author":"GE Gignac","year":"2016","journal-title":"Personality and individual differences"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0309848.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550620988242","article-title":"Intellectual humility predicts scrutiny of COVID-19 misinformation","volume":"13","author":"J Koetke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Social Psychological and Personality Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0309848.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/15298868.2017.1361861","article-title":"Intellectual humility and openness to the opposing view","volume":"17","author":"T Porter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Self and Identity"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0309848.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1177\/01461672221080979","article-title":"Fallibility salience increases intellectual humility: Implications for people\u2019s willingness to investigate political misinformation","volume":"49","author":"J Koetke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"key":"pone.0309848.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2020.101888","article-title":"Intellectual humility predicts mastery behaviors when learning","volume":"80","author":"T Porter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"key":"pone.0309848.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2020.03.011","article-title":"Conversational receptiveness: Improving engagement with opposing views","volume":"160","author":"M Yeomans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0309848.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2010.04.012","article-title":"Tell me more: The effects of expressed interest on receptiveness during dialog","volume":"46","author":"FS Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"pone.0309848.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s13164-020-00496-4","article-title":"Intellectually humble, but prejudiced people. a paradox of intellectual virtue","volume":"12","author":"M Colombo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Review of Philosophy and Psychology"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0309848","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T17:55:57Z","timestamp":1725645357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0309848"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Taro","family":"Matsuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0309848","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]}}}