{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T12:49:24Z","timestamp":1763988564362,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006537","name":"Vanderbilt University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An important defense against the deadly diseases that mosquitoes transmit is the application of insecticides that reduce mosquito populations. Unfortunately, the evolution and subsequent spread of insecticide resistance has decreased their efficacy. Therefore, new mosquito control strategies are needed. One class of larvicides, known as photosensitive insecticides, or PSIs, kills larvae via light-activated oxidative damage. PSIs are promising larvicides because of their high larvicidal efficacy, rapid photodegradation, inexpensive cost, and mechanism that is dissimilar to other insecticide classes. We explored a novel delivery strategy for increasing both the larvicidal efficiency and environmental biocompatibility of PSIs, known as yeast encapsulation. Using the PSIs, curcumin and methylene blue, we measured the survival of <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic> larvae and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> following exposure to either non-encapsulated or yeast-encapsulated PSIs and a photoperiod. Yeast encapsulation increased the phototoxicity of both curcumin and methylene blue against mosquito larvae, likely by increasing ingestion. Furthermore, yeast encapsulation protected <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> from the phototoxicity of yeast-encapsulated curcumin, but not yeast-encapsulated methylene blue. Yeast encapsulation increases the larvicidal efficacy of a PSI while also increasing biocompatibility. Therefore, yeast encapsulation of PSIs is a promising insecticide delivery strategy for mosquito control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0310177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T17:30:27Z","timestamp":1730223027000},"page":"e0310177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Yeast encapsulation of photosensitive insecticides increases toxicity against mosquito larvae while protecting microorganisms"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Cole J.","family":"Meier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica R.","family":"Wrobleski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3178-0201","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juli\u00e1n F.","family":"Hillyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0310177.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-92874-4","volume-title":"Mosquitoes and their control","author":"N Becker","year":"2010","edition":"2"},{"volume-title":"World malaria report 2022","year":"2022","author":"WHO","key":"pone.0310177.ref002"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0310177.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23867","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03367-9","article-title":"Recent trends in global insecticide use for disease vector control and potential implications for resistance management","volume":"11","author":"H van den Berg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3319","key":"pone.0310177.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/131839b0","article-title":"Efficiency of anti-stokes fluorescence in dyes","volume":"131","author":"A. 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XXVII. Cyclodextrin complexation: solubility, chemical and photochemical stability","volume":"244","author":"HH Tonnesen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"pone.0310177.ref040","unstructured":"PubChem Compounds for CID 969516, Curcumin [Internet]. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2023 [cited December 11, 2023]. Available from: https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Curcumin."},{"key":"pone.0310177.ref041","unstructured":"PubChem Compounds for CID 6099, Methylene Blue [Internet]. National Center for Biotechnology Information 2023 [cited December 11, 2023]. Available from: https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Methylene-Blue."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0310177","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T17:30:40Z","timestamp":1730223040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0310177"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Muthugounder Subramanian","family":"Shivakumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0310177","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]}}}