{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T14:17:18Z","timestamp":1793110638641,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Researchers Supporting Project number","award":["RSPD2024R966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2024R966"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The main objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activities of\n                    <jats:italic>Anabasis setifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract, including its antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. In the current study,\n                    <jats:italic>Anabasis setifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaves extract was evaluated for antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant activities and phytochemical analyses. Ethyl acetate extract of\n                    <jats:italic>Anabasis setifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    (EA-AS) exhibited promising antimicrobial activity toward\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    with MICs 62.5, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 62.5, 125 and 125 \u03bcg\/mL respectively. Moreover, EA-AS showed anticancer activity at safe concentrations, where IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    were 36.4 and 44 \u03bcg\/mL toward Hep-G2 and MCF-7 cancerous cell lines. EA-AS was found to contain 55 significant compounds identified through gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GCMS). The most abundant compounds were 1,4-dimethoxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5-benzocycloheptenone (26.04%), hexa-2,4-diyn-1-ylbenzene (8.40%), dihydrobenzo[b]fluoranthene (6.10%), ethanone, 1-[2,3-dihydro-2-(1-methylethenyl)-5-benzofuranyl (6.10%), and valerenol (4.08%). GC mass analysis confirmed the antioxidant properties of AS by detecting several compounds with antioxidant activity, including hexa-2,4-diyn-1-ylbenzene, nerolidol, spathulenol, -naphthalenem ethanol, decahydro-4-trimethyl-8-methylene, hexadecenoic acid, tremetone, desmethoxyencecalin, heptadecyn-1-ol, thunbergol, hexadecanol, dotriacontane, taylorione, ligulatin, retinoic acid, and falcarinol. The analysis of EA-AS reveals that it is a rich source of valuable phytochemicals: total Phenolic Content: a promising 4,264 \u03bcg\/mL \/, suggesting substantial biological and pharmacological potential. Total tannin content: 391.17 \u03bcg\/mL, indicating potential applications in industries like nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Total flavonoid content exceptionally high at 5,163 \u03bcg\/mL, while the total alkaloid content measured 1,036.26 \u03bcg\/mL. Additionally, EA-AS demonstrated antioxidant activity with an EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 30.6 \u03bcg\/mL. In conclusion, the comprehensive analysis of the EA-AS reveals its immense potential as a rich source of valuable phytochemicals with diverse bioactivities, warranting further in-depth studies to unlock its full pharmaceutical and commercial prospects. Our results suggest substantial biological and pharmacological prospects for EA-AS as a promising antimicrobial, anticancer, and potent antioxidant.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0310298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T13:23:36Z","timestamp":1729862616000},"page":"e0310298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Anabasis setifera leaf extract from arid habitat: A treasure trove of bioactive phytochemicals with potent antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2410-5168","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amer M.","family":"Abdelaziz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"A. Abdel-Maksoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8641-1369","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sabiha","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeedah","family":"Almutairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0748-9745","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bushra Hafeez","family":"Kiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr H.","family":"Hashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0310298.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773215Y.0000000030","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon","volume":"109","author":"F Prestinaci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0310298.ref002","first-page":"e24655","volume":"36","author":"D Chinemerem Nwobodo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotic resistance: The challenges and some emerging strategies for tackling a global menace"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0310298.ref003","volume":"11","author":"MA Salam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0310298.ref004","first-page":"e44666","article-title":"An Overview of Preventive Strategies and the Role of Various Organizations in Combating Antimicrobial Resistance","volume":"15","author":"YP Shelke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref005","first-page":"20503121211034366","volume":"9","author":"DT Debela","year":"2021","journal-title":"New approaches and procedures for cancer treatment: Current perspectives"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0310298.ref006","first-page":"110","article-title":"The role of health-related quality of life in improving cancer outcomes","volume":"9","author":"JI Nolazco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of clinical and translational research"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0310298.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4454","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28114454","article-title":"Pharmacological properties of four plant species of the genus Anabasis, Amaranthaceae","volume":"28","author":"Z Shegebayev","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0310298.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14706\/JONSAE2022412","article-title":"The Presence of Bioactive Compounds in Plants of the Amaranthaceae Family and Their Use in Medicine: A Review","volume":"4","author":"L. Kadri\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s40333-015-0023-2","article-title":"Maternal salinity environment affects salt tolerance during germination in Anabasis setifera: A facultative desert halophyte","volume":"8","author":"A El-Keblawy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Arid Land"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0310298.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01864-19","article-title":"The clinical and laboratory standards institute subcommittee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing: background, organization, functions, and processes","volume":"58","author":"MP Weinstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0310298.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(94)90034-5","article-title":"A tetrazolium-based colorimetric MTT assay to quantitate human monocyte mediated cytotoxicity against leukemic cells from cell lines and patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"174","author":"A Van de Loosdrecht","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-0273-7","volume-title":"Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage: a laboratory manual","author":"HP Makkar","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0310298.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(98)00102-2","article-title":"The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals","volume":"64","author":"J Zhishen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food chemistry"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref014","volume-title":"Phytochemical methods a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis","author":"A. Harborne","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0310298.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9010070","article-title":"Phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic extract of Mexican brown propolis","volume":"9","author":"JF Rivero-Cruz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0310298.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13060487","article-title":"Antimicrobial Metabolites of Caucasian Medicinal Plants as Alternatives to Antibiotics","volume":"13","author":"M Fik-Jask\u00f3\u0142ka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0310298.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11010046","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Polyphenols and Natural Polyphenolic Extracts on Clinical Isolates","volume":"11","author":"T Manso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref018","first-page":"1","article-title":"An overview of antimicrobial properties of different classes of phytochemicals","author":"AK Patra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dietary phytochemicals and microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0310298.ref019","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of natural products from medicinal plants","volume":"7","author":"A. Sher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gomal Journal of medical sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0310298.ref020","first-page":"54","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of the alkaloids and saponin extracts of Anabasis articulate","volume":"3","author":"MB Maatalah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biotechnol Pharm Res"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-019-02332-6","article-title":"GC\/MS analysis, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of alkaloids extracted by polar and apolar solvents from the stems of Anabasis articulata","volume":"28","author":"N Belyagoubi-Benhammou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicinal Chemistry Research"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-018-9591-z","article-title":"Comprehensive review of antimicrobial activities of plant flavonoids","volume":"18","author":"I G\u00f3rniak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytochemistry reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0310298.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1039\/b821648g","article-title":"Understanding antimicrobial activities of phytochemicals against multidrug resistant bacteria and biofilms","volume":"26","author":"M Simoes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Natural product reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0310298.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8040257","article-title":"Efficacy and mechanism of traditional medicinal plants and bioactive compounds against clinically important pathogens","volume":"8","author":"S Mickymaray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0310298.ref025","volume":"11","author":"G Mitropoulou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Insights into Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Applications of Plant Bioactive Compounds"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0310298.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13414","article-title":"Fungal endophytes from leaves of Avicennia marina growing in semi\u2010arid environment as a promising source for bioactive compounds","volume":"72","author":"AMA Khalil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Letters in Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref027","article-title":"Drug screening for kinetoplastids diseases","author":"J-R Ioset","year":"2009","journal-title":"A Training Manual for Screening in Neglected Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0310298.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-95022024000200362","article-title":"Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Anticancer Activity of Some Medicinal Plants Grown in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","volume":"42","author":"UA Mahalel","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Morphology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0310298.ref029","article-title":"Pharmacological Properties of Four Plant Species of the Genus Anabasis","volume":"28","author":"Z Shegebayev","year":"2023","journal-title":"Amaranthaceae"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2024.106203","article-title":"Anabasis articulata (Forssk.) Moq. food aqueous extract triggers oxidative stress-induced senescence and reduces metastatic power in MDA-MB-231 cells","volume":"116","author":"V Monteleone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Functional Foods"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0310298.ref031","volume":"20","author":"NI Ismail","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mechanism of Apoptosis Induced by Curcumin in Colorectal Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0310298.ref032","volume":"15","author":"A Rudzi\u0144ska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment and Cancer Prevention-Review on Epidemiological Data and Clinical Trials"},{"issue":"34","key":"pone.0310298.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4798","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209608","article-title":"Extrinsic versus intrinsic apoptosis pathways in anticancer chemotherapy","volume":"25","author":"S Fulda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0310298.ref034","first-page":"14556","volume":"12","author":"M Sohel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exploring the anti-cancer potential of dietary phytochemicals for the patients with breast cancer: A comprehensive review"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01153","article-title":"Modulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways of the Plant-Derived Natural Products in Cancer","volume":"9","author":"LR Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in oncology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0310298.ref036","article-title":"Anabasis oropediorum Maire. as a health-promoting source: Phytochemical content, in vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory potential","volume":"27","author":"N Gheraissa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2024.103045","article-title":"Augmenting the antioxidant, anti-bacterial and anti-carcinogenic potential of Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellirica after tannin acyl hydrolase mediated biotransformation","volume":"56","author":"R Sehgal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0310298.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17060701","article-title":"Exploring the Comprehensive Neuroprotective and Anticancer Potential of Afzelin","volume":"17","author":"M Kciuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0310298.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2010.04.008","article-title":"A review of the antioxidant potential of medicinal plant species","volume":"89","author":"D Krishnaiah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food and Bioproducts Processing"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0310298.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.3390\/app10030947","article-title":"Plant-derived bioactives and oxidative stress-related disorders: a key trend towards healthy aging and longevity promotion","volume":"10","author":"B Salehi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0310298.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1831","article-title":"The role of plant\u2010derived natural antioxidants in reduction of oxidative stress","volume":"48","author":"B Akbari","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0310298.ref042","first-page":"6152932","article-title":"Phytochemical content, antibacterial and antioxidant potential of endemic plant anabasis aretio\u00efdes coss. & moq.(Chenopodiaceae)","volume":"2020","author":"S Senhaji","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed research international"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0310298.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3526","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27113526","article-title":"Anabasis articulata (Forssk.) Moq: A Good Source of Phytochemicals with Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Potential","volume":"27","author":"FA Al-Joufi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0310298.ref044","first-page":"88","article-title":"Antiangiogenesis and antioxidant effect of Anabasis articulata stems extracts","volume":"41","author":"K Abdulsahib","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res"},{"issue":"4\u20132019","key":"pone.0310298.ref045","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phenolics Compounds and Biological Activity of Leaves of Anabasis Articulata, an Algerian Medicinal Plant","volume":"8","author":"N Kambouche","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0310298.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.07.064","article-title":"\u03b1-Glucosidase inhibitory effect by the flower buds of Tussilago farfara L","volume":"106","author":"H Gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food chemistry"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0310298.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3939","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28093939","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis and profiling of antioxidants and anticancer compounds from Tephrosia purpurea (L.) subsp. apollinea family Fabaceae","volume":"28","author":"AM Youssef","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2018.09.009","article-title":"Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral bioactivities of selected Helichrysum species","volume":"119","author":"I Kutluk","year":"2018","journal-title":"South African Journal of Botany"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0310298.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2007.11.027","article-title":"Extracts of Valeriana officinalis L. sl show anxiolytic and antidepressant effects but neither sedative nor myorelaxant properties","volume":"15","author":"M Hattesohl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0310298.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202300013","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202300013","article-title":"Design and Synthesis of 1, 3\u2010Diynes as Potent Antifungal Agents against Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"18","author":"L Goswami","year":"2023","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prmcm.2024.100432","article-title":"Antimicrobial Properties of Alternative Medicines Used in the Management of Infections in Diabetic Patients: A Comprehensive Review","author":"EB Aladejana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacological Research-Modern Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-50532009000200018","article-title":"Screening of the odour-activity and bioactivity of the essential oils of leaves and flowers of Hyptis passerina Mart. from the Brazilian Cerrado","volume":"20","author":"BD Zellner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0310298.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-021-02377-5","article-title":"Evaluation of the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activity of the sesquiterpene nerolidol","volume":"203","author":"DF de Moura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Archives of Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0310298.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X1501000133","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of nerolidol and its derivatives against airborne microbes and further biological activities","volume":"10","author":"S Krist","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natural product communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0310298.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2020.1815330","article-title":"Contribution of spathulenol to the anti-nociceptive effects of Psidium guineense","volume":"25","author":"E Dos Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutritional Neuroscience"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2021.112710","article-title":"RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, citronellyl acetate, CAS Registry Number 150-84-5","volume":"159","author":"A Api","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1007\/s11094-010-0482-x","article-title":"Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of cyclopentyl-substituted halogenophenoxyacetic acids and their amides","volume":"44","author":"D Pisanenko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical chemistry journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0310298.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X1300800930","article-title":"GC\/GC-MS analysis, isolation and identification of bioactive essential oil components from the Bhutanese medicinal plant, Pleurospermum amabile","volume":"8","author":"P Wangchuk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Natural Product Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0310298.ref059","first-page":"65","article-title":"Identification and comparative studies of different volatile fractions from Monochaetia kansensis by GCMS","volume":"6","author":"S Yogeswari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Global Journal of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0310298.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11040978","article-title":"Biological Activities and Biochemical Composition of Endemic Achillea fraasii","volume":"11","author":"Y Tunca-Pinarli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref061","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic activities and phytochemical analysis of fungal endophytes isolated from ocimum basilicum","author":"MH Sharaf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Applied biochemistry and biotechnology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0310298.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X1200700517","article-title":"Evaluation of analgesic activities of tremetone derivatives isolated from the Chilean altiplano medicine Parastrephia lepidophylla","volume":"7","author":"J Benites","year":"2012","journal-title":"Natural Product Communications"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-019-09639-7","article-title":"Phytochemicals in bioenergy crops","volume":"18","author":"M Oleszek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytochemistry Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0310298.ref064","first-page":"31","article-title":"Essential oil analysis of different plant parts of Geocaryum cynapioides (Guss.) L. Engstrand","volume":"9","author":"G Petrovi\u0107","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biologica Nyssana"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0310298.ref065","first-page":"336","article-title":"Biological activity and chemical composition of the essential oil of Nepeta cataria L","volume":"23","author":"B Ashrafi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Res Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0310298.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15020689","article-title":"Chemical analysis and biological activity of the essential oils of two endemic Soqotri Commiphora species","volume":"15","author":"RA Mothana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00297","article-title":"Long chain alcohols produced by Trichoderma citrinoviride have phagodeterrent activity against the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi","volume":"7","author":"S Ganassi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref068","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity of crude extract and different fractions of Chlorella vulgaris axenic culture grown under various concentrations of copper ions","volume":"21","author":"EA El-Fayoumy","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0310298.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26103030","article-title":"New cardenolides from biotransformation of gitoxigenin by the endophytic fungus Alternaria eureka 1E1BL1: characterization and cytotoxic activities","volume":"26","author":"E Bedir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0310298.ref070","first-page":"260","article-title":"Bio-active compounds analysis and characterization in ethanolic plant extracts of Justicia tranquebariensis L.(Acanthaceae)-using GC-MS","volume":"9","author":"S Soosairaj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Chemtech Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0310298.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR2020.7002","article-title":"Anticonvulsant activities of friedelan-3-one and n-dotriacontane both isolated from Harungana madagascariensis Lam (Hypericaceae) seeds extracts","volume":"14","author":"JK Signe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0310298.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NP00024F","article-title":"Biological activity of natural sesquiterpenoids containing a gem-dimethylcyclopropane unit","volume":"32","author":"MJ Dur\u00e1n-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natural product reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0310298.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(85)90062-5","article-title":"Synthesis and biological activity of some cardiotonic compounds related to gitoxigenin","volume":"45","author":"DC Humber","year":"1985","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0310298.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14111079","article-title":"Effect of Selected Silyl Groups on the Anticancer Activity of 3, 4-Dibromo-5-Hydroxy-Furan-2 (5 H)-One Derivatives","volume":"14","author":"R Kitel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0310298.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0440490","article-title":"Relative oral anabolic to androgenic activity ratios of androisoxazole, ethylestrenol, methylandrostenolisoxazole and testosterone","volume":"44","author":"A Arnold","year":"1963","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0310298.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6031","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116031","article-title":"Lignans as pharmacological agents in disorders related to oxidative stress and inflammation: chemical synthesis approaches and biological activities","volume":"23","author":"DI Osmakov","year":"2022","journal-title":"International journal of molecular sciences"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819212-2.00045-1","volume-title":"Naturally Occurring Chemicals Against Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","author":"S Khatkar","year":"2021"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0310298.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9683","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00760","article-title":"Photochemical approaches to complex chemotypes: applications in natural product synthesis","volume":"116","author":"MD Karkas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemical Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0310298.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M1702","DOI":"10.3390\/M1702","article-title":"6, 7-Dihydroxy-5, 8-dimethoxy-2 H-chromen-2-one","volume":"2023","author":"OI Adaeva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molbank"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0310298.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12193","article-title":"A comparative study of the effects of retinol and retinoic acid on histological, molecular, and clinical properties of human skin","volume":"15","author":"R Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of cosmetic dermatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0310298.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760802385702","article-title":"Differential effects of retinol and retinoic acid on cell proliferation: a role for reactive species and redox-dependent mechanisms in retinol supplementation","volume":"42","author":"A Zanotto-Filho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free radical research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0310298.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83556-8","article-title":"Investigation of biological activity of soil fungal extracts and LC\/MS-QTOF based metabolite profiling","volume":"11","author":"AE Mohammed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific reports"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0310298.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3390\/separations10070395","article-title":"Bacterial endophytes from Moringa oleifera leaves as a promising source for bioactive compounds","volume":"10","author":"AH Hashem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Separations"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0310298.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2018.1544977","article-title":"Terretonin O: A new meroterpenoid from Aspergillus terreus","volume":"34","author":"A Hamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natural product research"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0310298.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NP00153B","article-title":"Isolation, biological activity, biosynthesis and synthetic studies towards the rubromycin family of natural products","volume":"32","author":"DJ Atkinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natural product reports"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0310298.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5240","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26175240","article-title":"Recent progress on biological activity of Amaryllidaceae and further isoquinoline alkaloids in connection with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"L Cahl\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0310298.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chmed.2022.04.002","article-title":"Phytochemical and pharmacological progress on Syringa oblata, a traditional Mongolian medicine","volume":"14","author":"B Tai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chinese Herbal Medicines"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0310298.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15835\/nbha51313300","article-title":"Application of Rhizopus microsporus and Aspergillus oryzae to enhance the defense capacity of eggplant seedlings against Meloidogyne incognita","volume":"51","author":"MS Attia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.12.086","article-title":"Synthesis of C3-Neoglycosides of digoxigenin and their anticancer activities","volume":"145","author":"Y-c Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0310298.ref090","first-page":"2","article-title":"Postmenopausal tibolone therapy: biologic principles and applied clinical practice","volume":"9","author":"M. Notelovitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medscape General Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0310298.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37299-0","article-title":"Anti-herpes simplex virus activity of n-docosanol correlates with intracellular metabolic conversion of the drug","volume":"37","author":"L Pope","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of lipid research"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0310298.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15031378","article-title":"Biological actions of artemisinin: insights from medicinal chemistry studies","volume":"15","author":"J Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0310298.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11110656","article-title":"The biological activity of natural alkaloids against herbivores, cancerous cells and pathogens","volume":"11","author":"A Thawabteh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0310298.ref094","article-title":"Biological activity of benze (e) pyrene. An assessment based on mutagenic activities and metabolic profiles of the polycyclic hydrocarbon and its derivatives","volume":"254","author":"A Wood","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Biol Chem;(United States)"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref095","unstructured":"Jordan F. Investigation of Computer Vision and Deep Learning on Thoracic CT for Assessment and Evaluation of Coronary Artery Calcium, Emphysema, and COVID-19: The University of Chicago; 2022."},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1134\/S1068162021060236","article-title":"Azaadamantanes, a New Promising Scaffold for Medical Chemistry","volume":"47","author":"E Suslov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0310298.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1021\/jm060002f","article-title":"Activity of B-nor analogues of neurosteroids on the GABAA receptor in primary neuronal cultures","volume":"49","author":"C Sunol","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of medicinal chemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0310298.ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9050224","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of nitrogen-containing 5-\u03b1-androstane derivatives: in silico and experimental studies","volume":"9","author":"L Amiranashvili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0310298.ref099","first-page":"8493190","article-title":"Effect of Xylocarpus granatum bark extract on amelioration of hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress associated complications in STZ\u2010induced diabetic mice","volume":"2019","author":"SK Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evidence\u2010Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0310298.ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.21608\/ejdr.2016.5768","article-title":"ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS ISOLATED FROM PHLOMIS FLOCCOSA D. DON","volume":"66","author":"RA Lotfy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Desert Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0310298.ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2007.12.005","article-title":"Natural phenanthrenes and their biological activity","volume":"69","author":"A Kov\u00e1cs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0310298.ref102","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biological and neurological activities of astaxanthin","volume":"26","author":"P Si","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecular medicine reports"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0310298.ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9070417","article-title":"Isolation and biological properties of the natural flavonoids pectolinarin and pectolinarigenin\u2014A review","volume":"9","author":"T Cheriet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0310298.ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5689","DOI":"10.1021\/jf401309r","article-title":"Nematicidal activity of nonacosane-10-ol and 23a-homostigmast-5-en-3\u03b2-ol isolated from the roots of Fumaria parviflora (Fumariaceae)","volume":"61","author":"I Naz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of agricultural and food chemistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0310298.ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45968-0","article-title":"In vitro antifungal activity of 2-(3, 4-dimethyl-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1-methylethyl pentanoate, a dihydropyrrole derivative","volume":"54","author":"R Dabur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of medical microbiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0310298.ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/BJPR\/2016\/23506","article-title":"Isolation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of 3\u03b2, 22E-stigmasta-5, 22-dien-3-ol from the aerial part of Aeschynomene uniflora E. Mey","volume":"11","author":"J Achika","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"pone.0310298.ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110117","article-title":"Multifunctional roles and pharmacological potential of \u03b2-sitosterol: Emerging evidence toward clinical applications","volume":"365","author":"Z Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemico-biological interactions"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0310298.ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23092239","article-title":"Antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of different fractions from the leaves of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. and their GC-MS profiling","volume":"23","author":"V Gautam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0310298","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T13:24:04Z","timestamp":1729862644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0310298"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ahmed Khalafallah Sadeq","family":"Rashwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0310298","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]}}}