{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:52:03Z","timestamp":1793386323285,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although research indicates that self-reported interoception is associated with deficits in identifying and describing emotional experience, and externally oriented thinking styles (alexithymia), this relationship appears moderated by how interoception is measured. A systematic review and meta-analyses examined the association between self-reported interoception and alexithymia, investigating how different interoceptive questionnaires relate to alexithymia at global and facet levels. PsychINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched with predefined terms related to self-reported interoception and alexithymia. Three reviewers independently assessed articles, extracted data, and undertook risk of bias assessment. Thirty-two cross-sectional studies published between 1996 and 2023 were included. Random-effects meta-analyses and narrative synthesis indicated that global alexithymia was positively associated with measures of interoceptive confusion, autonomic nervous system reactivity, and heightened interoceptive attention, and inversely associated with interoceptive accuracy and adaptive interoception, indexed by composite Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness scores, but particularly interoceptive trusting, self-regulation, and attention regulation. These patterns were observed for alexithymic facets and stronger in magnitude for difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feelings, relative to externally oriented thinking. Overall, results suggested that the association between self-reported interoception and alexithymia differs as a function of the interoceptive self-report. The review highlighted issues with construct definition and operationalisation and determined that existing interoceptive self-reports broadly capture maladaptive and adaptive sensing, attention, interpretation, and memory. The findings underscore the importance of specifying interoceptive constructs and using appropriate assessments to improve convergence between constructs and measurements, further suggesting potential clinical utility in using existing self-reports to measure interoception and alexithymia, facilitating interventions targeting mind-body connections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0310411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T13:29:39Z","timestamp":1730986179000},"page":"e0310411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between subjective interoception and alexithymia: Implications for construct definitions and measurement"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6646-1067","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristen","family":"Van Bael","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Scarfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emra","family":"Suleyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6292-6760","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica","family":"Katherveloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Grimble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2\u20136","key":"pone.0310411.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1159\/000286529","article-title":"The prevalence of \"alexithymic\" characteristics in psychosomatic patients.","volume":"22","author":"PE Sifneos","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0310411.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(91)72086-0","article-title":"The alexithymia construct: a potential paradigm for psychosomatic medicine.","volume":"32","author":"GJ Taylor","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychosomatics."},{"key":"pone.0310411.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.08.003","article-title":"Establishing the theoretical components of alexithymia via factor analysis: Introduction and validation of the attention-appraisal model of alexithymia.","volume":"119","author":"D Preece","year":"2017","journal-title":"Personality and individual differences."},{"key":"pone.0310411.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108241595.009","volume-title":"Alexithymia: Advances in research, theory, and clinical practice.","author":"P Porcelli","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0310411.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.12.065","article-title":"Alexithymia and emotion regulation","volume":"324","author":"DA Preece","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of affective disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0310411.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2019.1671322","article-title":"Adaptive and maladaptive emotion processing and regulation, and the case of alexithymia.","volume":"35","author":"G Panayiotou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion."},{"key":"pone.0310411.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108241595.018","volume-title":"Alexithymia: Advances in research, theory, and clinical practice.","author":"G Panayiotou","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0310411.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.07.006","article-title":"Commentary on \u201cAutism, oxytocin and interoception\u201d: Alexithymia, not Autism Spectrum Disorders, is the consequence of interoceptive failure.","volume":"56","author":"R Brewer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0310411.ref009","first-page":"501","article-title":"Interoception and mental health: a roadmap","volume":"3","author":"SS Khalsa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biological psychiatry: cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0310411.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn894","article-title":"How do you feel? 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