{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T06:54:21Z","timestamp":1787986461998,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The coronavirus disease pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which emerged in the United States in late 2019 to early 2020 and quickly escalated into a national public health crisis. Research has identified psychiatric conditions as possible risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection and symptom severity. This study aims to determine whether specific classes of psychiatric medications could reduce the likelihood of infection and alleviate the severity of the disease. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between neuropsychiatric medication usage and COVID-19 outcomes before the widespread utilization of COVID-19 vaccines. This cross-sectional study used Optum\u2019s de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database to identify patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in 2020 and their psychiatric medication prescriptions in the United States. Ordered logistic regression was used to predict the likelihood of a higher COVID-19 severity level for long-term and new users. Results were adjusted for demographic characteristics and medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Most users were classified into the long-term user analysis group. Long-term users were 9% less likely to have a higher severity score (CI: 0.89\u20130.93, p-value &lt;\u20090.001) than non-users. SSRI antidepressant users, both long-term (OR: 1.09; CI: 1.06\u20131.12) and short-term (OR: 1.17; CI: 1.07\u20131.27) were significantly more likely to have a lower severity score. However, the results varied across long-term and short-term users for all medication classes. Results of the current study suggest that psychopharmacological agents are associated with reduced COVID-19 severity levels and that antidepressant medications may have a protective role against COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0310438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T13:34:36Z","timestamp":1740404076000},"page":"e0310438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protective effects of psychiatric medications against COVID-19 mortality before vaccines"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Machado-Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6740-4734","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Trudy 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