{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:59:31Z","timestamp":1780513171324,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Chiari-like malformation in dogs and Chiari malformation type 1 in humans are conditions characterized by a relatively small caudal cranial fossa, leading to cerebellar herniation. This study aimed to develop a rat model of Chiari-like malformation using surgical techniques based on morphological characteristics observed in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Endocranial magnetic resonance images of both normal dogs and dogs diagnosed with Chiari-like malformation were retrospectively analyzed. Measurements of the caudal cranial fossa volume, rostral and medial fossa volume, and volume index were taken. The differences in caudal cranial fossa volume and volume index between normal dogs and those diagnosed with Chiari-like malformation were then utilized to create a rat model of Chiari-like malformation through surgical intervention. The measurements were conducted on both the rat Chiari-like malformation models and normal rats, with each measurement taken twice and the mean values calculated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Significant differences were found between normal dogs and dogs diagnosed with Chiari-like malformation in terms of the volume of the caudal cranial fossa (27.62% reduction) and the volume index (23.36% reduction) (p&lt;0.05). These differences were used to develop a rat model, which also showed significant reductions in both caudal cranial fossa volume (29.52%) and volume index (28.30%) compared to normal rats (p&lt;0.05). The condition in the rat model was confirmed through magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed cerebellar herniation into the foramen magnum.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study successfully established a rat model of Chiari-like malformation that accurately reproduces the morphological features observed in dogs. This model potentially serves as a valuable tool for investigating the pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches for Chiari-like malformation in veterinary medicine.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0310505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T17:26:57Z","timestamp":1726766817000},"page":"e0310505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Surgical modeling of Chiari-like malformation in rats: Insights from canine morphology"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7969-1304","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jae-Hwan","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Hyeon","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Yoon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Ji","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da-Eun","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo-Suk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8834-952X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hun-Young","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0310505.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4626","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12144626","article-title":"A critical update of the classification of Chiari and Chiari-like malformations","volume":"12","author":"J Sahuquillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2015.10.002","article-title":"Chiari-like malformation","volume":"46","author":"CA Loughin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.22-0134","article-title":"Ventriculomegaly in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Chiari-like malformation: Relationship with clinical and imaging findings","volume":"84","author":"F Tirrito","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.1270","article-title":"Foramen magnum decompression for treatment of caudal occipital malformation syndrome in dogs","volume":"227","author":"CW Dewey","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref005","author":"EL Hood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chiari-like malformation. Mississippi State University"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2018.03.002","article-title":"Understanding and treating Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia in dogs","volume":"33","author":"AC Hechler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Top Companion Anim Med"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.4.508","article-title":"Evaluation of the volumes of cranial cavities in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Chiari-like malformation and other brachycephalic dogs as measured via computed tomography","volume":"70","author":"MJ Schmidt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33660","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033660","article-title":"Increase in cerebellar volume in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Chiari-like malformation and its role in the development of syringomyelia","volume":"7","author":"TA Shaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2012.05.001","article-title":"3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network","volume":"30","author":"A Fedorov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01364","article-title":"GBM volumetry using the 3D Slicer medical image computing platform","volume":"3","author":"J Egger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-56-30","article-title":"Comparison of the endocranial- and brain volumes in brachycephalic dogs, mesaticephalic dogs and Cavalier King Charles spaniels in relation to their body weight","volume":"56","author":"MJ Schmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2012.113","article-title":"Evaluation of bone regeneration using the rat critical size calvarial defect","volume":"7","author":"PP Spicer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref013","author":"American Veterinary Medical Association","year":"2020","journal-title":"AVMA guidelines for the euthanasia of animals"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3000411","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000411","article-title":"Reporting animal research: Explanation and elaboration for the ARRIVE Guidelines 2.0","volume":"18","author":"NP Percie du Sert","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS Biol"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420520509","article-title":"Arnold\u2010Chiari\u2010like malformation associated with a valproate model of spina bifida in the rat","volume":"52","author":"W Briner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1159\/000086827","article-title":"Arnold-Chiari in a fetal rat model of dysraphism","volume":"20","author":"M Weber Guimar\u00e3es Barreto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1159\/000315299","article-title":"Etiopathology of Arnold-Chiari malformation: A fetal rat model of dysraphism","volume":"28","author":"G Corti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref018","volume-title":"Arnold-Chiari malformation","author":"StatPearls Publishing","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7437","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247437","article-title":"Compromised cranio-spinal suspension in Chiari malformation type 1: A potential role as secondary pathophysiology","volume":"11","author":"B Shao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-019-04296-9","article-title":"Chiari I-a \u2018not so\u2019 congenital malformation?","volume":"35","author":"DNP Thompson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"pone.0310505.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-04100-2","article-title":"Chiari type 1-a malformation or a syndrome? A critical review","volume":"162","author":"R Fri\u010d","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0310505","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T17:27:06Z","timestamp":1726766826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0310505"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Go\u017adziewska-Har\u0142ajczuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0310505","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]}}}