{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T20:35:21Z","timestamp":1788122121805,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Stigma against people who have alcohol and drug problems severely affects their health and well-being. An instrument based on stigma theory assessing individual-level stigma is essential for a comprehensive understanding of their stigma. We evaluated the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Substance Use Stigma Mechanism Scale (SU-SMS-J) among a population who had alcohol or drug use problems.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Adults with experience in substance use disorders from psychiatry outpatient departments and rehabilitation facilities participated in the self-administered questionnaire survey. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the structural validity of the 5-factor model proposed in other language versions, and factor loadings and correlation between the subscales were confirmed. The correlations between the SU-SMS-J and psychometric properties related to substance use (e.g., severity of substance use, motivation to change) were investigated to assess concurrent validity. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach\u2019s alpha coefficients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Data from 126 participants were analyzed. The 5-factor model was acceptable with good or reasonable model fit indices. The correlations between subscales were weak to moderate, and this result suggested the SU-SMS-J assessed different but related components of stigma: enacted, anticipated, and internalized stigma from different stigma sources (family and healthcare workers). The SU-SMS-J and subscales showed moderate concurrent validity. Internal consistency was mostly sufficient, with Cronbach\u2019s alpha coefficients of 0.86 for all items and 0.66\u20130.93 for subscales.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The SU-SMS-J is valid and reliable for use among populations with substance use problems in various settings in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0310514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T17:33:47Z","timestamp":1730396027000},"page":"e0310514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Substance Use Stigma Mechanism Scale"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8363-1235","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ayumi","family":"Takano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiaki","family":"Hiraiwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erina","family":"Oikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Tomikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyosuke","family":"Nozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0310514.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230500102434","article-title":"Stigma, social inequality and alcohol and drug use","volume":"24","author":"R Room","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0310514.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201400140","article-title":"Stigma, Discrimination, Treatment Effectiveness, and Policy: Public Views About Drug Addiction and Mental Illness","volume":"65","author":"CL Barry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0310514.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2021.1899224","article-title":"Fear of Stigma Mediates the Relationship between Internalized Stigma and Treatment-Seeking among Individuals with Substance Use Problems","volume":"56","author":"MB Benz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"pone.0310514.ref004","unstructured":"Challenging drug and alcohol stigma | NHS inform [Internet]. 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