{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:04:05Z","timestamp":1780337045974,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR303182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR303182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with severe mental illness (SMI) are more likely to develop long-term physical health conditions, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, compared to people without SMI. This contributes to an inequality in life expectancy known as the \u2018mortality gap\u2019. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health concern set to be the 5th leading cause of life-years lost by 2040. However, there is limited research exploring the relationship between CKD and SMI. This systematic review will aim to examine the prevalence and incidence of CKD among people with SMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will search Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science for primary epidemiological research reporting the prevalence or incidence of CKD among people with SMI in any setting. Retrieved records will be managed in Covidence and screened by two independent reviewers. Data will be extracted from included studies using a piloted data extraction form, and the quality of studies will be evaluated using the appropriate JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. The certainty of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Data from the included studies will be narratively synthesised. Meta-analyses will be conducted using random effects models to examine the prevalence and incidence of CKD among people with SMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is limited research exploring the relationship between CKD and SMI, and this proposed systematic review will be the first to examine the prevalence of CKD among people with SMI. This review will highlight the extent of the problem and provide a foundation for future research to improve health outcomes for people with SMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0310568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T12:35:03Z","timestamp":1745584503000},"page":"e0310568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in people with severe mental illness: A systematic review 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