{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T19:45:16Z","timestamp":1768679116267,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01MH108783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01MH108783"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01EY032744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY032744"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Contrary to popular lore, optimal visual acuity is typically better than 20\/20. Could correcting acuity beyond 20\/20 offer any benefit? An affirmative answer could present new confounds in studies of aging, development, psychiatric illness, neurodegenerative disorders, or any other population where refractive error might be more likely. An affirmative answer would also offer a novel explanation of inter-observer variability in visual performance. To address the question, we had individuals perform two well-studied visual tasks, once with 20\/20 vision and once with optical correction, so that observers could see one line better on an eye chart. In the contour integration task, observers sought to identify the screen quadrant location of a sparsely defined (integrated) shape embedded in varying quantities of randomly oriented \u201cnoise\u201d elements. In the collinear facilitation task, observers sought to detect a low-contrast element flanked by collinear or orthogonal high-contrast elements. In each case, displays were scaled in size to modulate element visibility and spatial frequency (4\u201312 cycles\/deg). We found that improving acuity beyond 20\/20 improved contour integration for the high spatial frequency displays. Although improving visual acuity did not affect collinear facilitation, it did improve detection of the central low-contrast target, especially at high spatial frequencies. These results, which were large in magnitude, suggest that optically correcting beyond 20\/20 improves the detection and integration of contour elements, especially those that are smaller and of higher spatial frequency. Refractive blur within the normal range may confound special population studies, explain inter-observer differences, and meaningfully impact performance in low-visibility environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0310678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T17:33:24Z","timestamp":1727372004000},"page":"e0310678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Correcting visual acuity beyond 20\/20 improves contour element detection and integration: A cautionary tale for studies of special populations"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7011-3380","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brian P.","family":"Keane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Silverstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas V.","family":"Papathomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1083-6103","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bart","family":"Krekelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0310678.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199008000-00022","article-title":"Historical roots of 20\/20 as a (wrong) standard value of normal visual acuity","volume":"67","author":"AAV e Cruz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0310678.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199503000-00006","article-title":"Visual acuity changes throughout adulthood in normal, healthy eyes: seeing beyond 6\/6","volume":"72","author":"DB Elliot","year":"1995","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0310678.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2008.00584.x","article-title":"Habitual vs optimal distance visual acuity","volume":"28","author":"JS Pointer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"pone.0310678.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(93)90156-Q","article-title":"Contour integration by the human visual system: evidence for a local \u201cassociation field\u201d","volume":"33","author":"DJ Field","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"pone.0310678.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-0939-7","article-title":"The contribution of prefrontal cortex to global perception","volume":"181","author":"E Ciaramelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"pone.0310678.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)90258-5","article-title":"The architecture of perceptual spatial interactions","volume":"34","author":"U Polat","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"pone.0310678.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)01029-2","article-title":"Lateral connectivity and contextual interactions in macaque primary visual cortex","volume":"36","author":"DD Stettler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"pone.0310678.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523801183045","article-title":"Facilitation and suppression of single striate-cell activity by spatially discrete pattern stimuli presented beyond the receptive field","volume":"18","author":"K Mizobe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0310678.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8637","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1706183114","article-title":"Interactions between feedback and lateral connections in the primary visual cortex","volume":"114","author":"H Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"pone.0310678.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0187520","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187520","article-title":"Increased gamma band activity for lateral interactions in humans. 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