{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:05:57Z","timestamp":1791389157808,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Commercial sexual exploitation occurs when anything of value is given in exchange for a sex act. Sex trafficking involves the commercial sexual exploitation of individuals by means of force, fraud, or coercion. Due to the illegal nature of commercial sexual exploitation, there is a profound dearth in the literature. To develop a deeper understanding of the experiences of adult survivors of commercial sexual exploitation, investigators analyzed 1,264 unique case files collected between 2011 and 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Key predictors included mental health diagnoses, childhood sexual abuse, and educational achievement, while relevant outcomes included age of entry into sexual exploitation, length of exploitation, number of arrests, cycling into and out of commercial sexual exploitation, and program placement outcomes. Regression analyses (e.g., linear, binomial, or zero-inflated Poisson) were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results suggest that educational achievement is a potential protective factor against exploitation. Higher number of arrest and higher number of children had a bidirectional relationship with longer experiences of exploitation. Further, diagnoses of bipolar disorder and neurodevelopmental disorders were related to higher rates of cycling (i.e., repeated attempts to exit exploitation), and neurodevelopmental disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders were related to poorer placement outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings provide a more authentic portrait of contextual influences on commercial sexual exploitation across a lifespan, informing services, interventions, and policy and supporting survivors in their promising futures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0311131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T13:21:31Z","timestamp":1732108891000},"page":"e0311131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sex trafficking vulnerabilities in context: An analysis of 1,264 case files of adult survivors of commercial sexual exploitation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1343-5180","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Courtney","family":"Furlong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Hinnant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0311131.ref001","unstructured":"Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, 22 U.S.C. \u00a7\u00a7 7101\u20137113 (2000)."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0311131.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2016.1223246","article-title":"Entering prostitution in adolescence: History of youth homelessness predicts earlier entry","volume":"25","author":"C Cronley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"pone.0311131.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1300\/J189v02n03_03","article-title":"Prostitution and trafficking in nine countries: An update on violence and posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"2","author":"M Farley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of trauma practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0311131.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1300\/J012v11n04_04","article-title":"Prostitution: A critical review of the medical and social sciences literature","volume":"11","author":"M Farley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Women & Criminal Justice"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0311131.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260516662306","article-title":"Risk factors for domestic child sex trafficking in the United States","volume":"34","author":"L Fedina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of interpersonal violence"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0311131.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2011.01221.x","article-title":"Sex trafficking and the exploitation of adolescents","volume":"40","author":"NM McClain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0311131.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/01639620152472804","article-title":"The counterproductivity of incarcerating female street prostitutes","volume":"22","author":"MA Norton-Hawk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Deviant Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0311131.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(81)90050-8","article-title":"Sexual child abuse as an antecedent to prostitution","volume":"5","author":"MH Silbert","year":"1981","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"pone.0311131.ref009","unstructured":"United States Department of State. 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