{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:02:23Z","timestamp":1790996543966,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In developing countries like Bangladesh, under-five children are mostly experiencing and suffering from common diseases like fever, cough, diarrhea, and acute respiratory infections (ARI). To mitigate these problems, it\u2019s crucial to spot prevalent areas and take proper action. This study investigates the spatial distribution and associated factors of prevalent childhood illnesses across Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods and findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This research comprised 8,306 children\u2019s information from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017\u201318. We performed chi-square, t-tests, binary logistic regression and spatial analyses in this work. BDHS survey data and GPS data were aggregated to identify common childhood illnesses among under-five children. Moran\u2019s index first mapped childhood illnesses. Afterward, Getis-Ord Gi* discovered hot and cold spots for illnesses. However, Kriging interpolation predicted child illnesses in unsampled areas. Here, 33.2% (CI: 32.2\u201334.3), 36% (CI: 35\u201337.1), 4.7% (CI: 4.3\u20135.2), and 12.9% (CI: 12.2\u201313.6) of children under five had fever, cough, diarrhea, and ARI, respectively. In the fortnight before to the survey, 47.3% (CI: 46.2\u201348.3) of under-5 children were ill. Common childhood illnesses are associated with children\u2019s (age, underweight status, etc.), mothers\u2019 (age, education, etc.), and household factors (residency, wealth index, etc.). Underweight status is associated with fever, cough and at least one disease. The unsampled north-western and south-western areas of Bangladesh had a higher prevalence of fever, cough, ARI and at least one common disease. Cough was most common in the central-northern region; fever was most common in the lower southern region; and ARI was most common in Bangladesh\u2019s south-east. Childhood diseases were more prevalent in Bangladesh\u2019s central-northern and southern regions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our research demonstrates the regional clustering of common childhood diseases in Bangladesh. Policymakers should focus on these higher-prevalence regions, and the necessary preventive measures should be taken immediately.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0311183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T17:39:16Z","timestamp":1727372356000},"page":"e0311183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Exploring the impact of child underweight status on common childhood illnesses among children under five years in Bangladesh along with spatial analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1576-7496","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Khondokar Naymul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4004-6503","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sumaya","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4571-3968","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ferdous","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2131-7456","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0311183.ref001","volume-title":"Child mortality (under 5 years)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0311183.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93427","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093427","article-title":"The recognition of and care seeking behaviour for childhood illness in developing countries: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"P Geldsetzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"pone.0311183.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1738-6","article-title":"Factors associated with diarrhea and acute respiratory infection in children under two years of age in rural Bangladesh","volume":"19","author":"MB Ullah","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0311183.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e032039","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032039","article-title":"Associations between parental socioeconomic position and health-seeking behaviour for diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection among under-5 children in Myanmar: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"10","author":"KS Lwin","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ open."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0311183.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.29251\/ijpph.201833","article-title":"Determinants of mother\u2019s health seeking behaviour during common childhood illness in a costal area of Bangladesh","volume":"2","author":"MA Haque","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Perceptions in Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0311183.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0274547","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274547","article-title":"Barriers to healthcare access and healthcare seeking for childhood illnesses among childbearing women in Burundi.","volume":"17","author":"BO Ahinkorah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plos one"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0311183.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80927-1","article-title":"Childhood common variable immunodeficiency with autoimmune disease","volume":"108","author":"ME Conley","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Journal of pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0311183.ref008","first-page":"422","article-title":"Mitochondrial diseases in childhood: a clinical approach to investigation and management. 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