{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:53:45Z","timestamp":1791474825703,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The sex difference in athletic performance has been thoroughly investigated in single sport disciplines such as swimming, cycling, and running. In contrast, only small samples of long-distance triathlons, such as the IRONMAN<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> triathlon, have been investigated so far.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The aim of the study was to examine potential sex differences in the three split disciplines by age groups in 5-year intervals in a very large data set of IRONMAN<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> age group triathletes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Data from 687,696 (553,608 men and 134,088 women) IRONMAN<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> age group triathletes (in 5-year intervals from 18\u201324 to 75+ years) finishing successfully between 2002 and 2022 an official IRONMAN<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> race worldwide were analyzed. The differences in performance between women and men were determined for each split discipline and for the overall race distance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Most finishers were in the age group 40\u201344 years. The fastest women were in the age group 25\u201329 years, and the fastest men were in the age group 30\u201334 years. For all split disciplines and overall race time, men were always faster than women in all groups. The performance difference between the sexes was more pronounced in cycling compared to swimming and running. From the age group 35\u201339 years until 60\u201364 years, the sex differences were nearly identical in swimming and running. For both women and men, the smallest sex difference was least significant in age group 18\u201324 years for all split disciplines and increased in a U-shaped manner until age group 70\u201374 years. For age groups 75 years and older, the sex difference decreased in swimming and cycling but increased in running. Considering the different characteristics of the race courses, the smallest performance gaps between men and women were found in river swimming, flat surface cycling and rolling running courses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The sex difference in the IRONMAN<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> triathlon was least significant in age group 18\u201324 years for all split disciplines and increased in a U-shaped manner until age group 70\u201374 years. For 75 years and older, the sex difference decreased in swimming and cycling but increased in running.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0311202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T17:32:07Z","timestamp":1728322327000},"page":"e0311202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sex difference in IRONMAN age group triathletes"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2412-9103","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Beat","family":"Knechtle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Villiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mabliny","family":"Thuany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilia Santos","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Cuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pantelis T.","family":"Nikolaidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Rosemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1247-6754","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katja","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0311202.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-012-9392-z","article-title":"Relative improvements in endurance performance with age: evidence from 25 years of Hawaii Ironman racing","volume":"35","author":"R Lepers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0311202.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0067-4","article-title":"Trends in Triathlon Performance: Effects of Sex and Age","volume":"43","author":"R Lepers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0311202.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.4077\/CJP.2016.BAE406","article-title":"Performance trends in age group breaststroke swimmers in the FINA World Championships 1986\u20132014","volume":"59","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Chinese journal of physiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0311202.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.8.6.611","article-title":"Men cross America faster than women\u2014the \"Race Across America\" from 1982 to 2012","volume":"8","author":"CA R\u00fcst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311202.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12412","article-title":"Sex differences in elite swimming with advanced age are less than marathon running","volume":"26","author":"J Senefeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0311202.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003300","article-title":"The Biological Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance: Consensus Statement for the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":"55","author":"SK Hunter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0311202.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4946","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19094946","article-title":"Sex Differences in VO2max and the Impact on Endurance-Exercise Performance","volume":"19","author":"KJ Santisteban","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311202.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0196","article-title":"Sex Differences in World-Record Performance: The Influence of Sport Discipline and Competition Duration","volume":"13","author":"\u00d8 Sandbakk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0311202.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0866","article-title":"Nature Versus Nurture: Have Performance Gaps Between Men and Women Reached an Asymptote?","volume":"13","author":"M Millard-Stafford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0311202.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01417-2","article-title":"Do Sex Differences in Physiology Confer a Female Advantage in Ultra-Endurance Sport?","volume":"51","author":"NB Tiller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0311202.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19094946","article-title":"Sex Differences in VO(2max) and the Impact on Endurance-Exercise Performance","volume":"19","author":"KJ Santisteban","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0311202.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000928","article-title":"The Relevance of Sex Differences in Performance Fatigability","volume":"48","author":"SK Hunter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"pone.0311202.ref013","article-title":"Sex Differences in Endurance Running","author":"T Besson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0311202.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804149","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.804149","article-title":"Expanding the Gap: An Updated Look Into Sex Differences in Running Performance","volume":"12","author":"LC Hallam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0311202.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1515\/hukin-2017-0061","article-title":"Performance Trends in Master Butterfly Swimmers Competing in the FINA World Championships","volume":"57","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311202.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2016.1258647","article-title":"Performance trends in 3000 m open-water age group swimmers from 25 to 89 years competing in the FINA World Championships from 1992 to 2014","volume":"25","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0311202.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57090923","article-title":"Changes in Sex Difference in Time-Limited Ultra-Cycling Races from 6 Hours to 24 Hours","volume":"57","author":"H Scholz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0311202.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020362","article-title":"An Analysis of Participation and Performance of 2067 100-km Ultra-Marathons Worldwide","volume":"18","author":"A St\u00f6hr","year":"2021","journal-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311202.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-2326-y","article-title":"Do women reduce the gap to men in ultra-marathon running?","volume":"5","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2016","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0311202.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16132377","article-title":"Women Reduce the Performance Difference to Men with Increasing Age in Ultra-Marathon Running","volume":"16","author":"KJ Waldvogel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311202.ref021","article-title":"Elderly female ultra-marathoners reduced the gap to male ultra-marathoners in Swiss running races.","volume":"13","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientific reports [Internet]"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0311202.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0418","article-title":"Sex Differences in Participation, Performance, and Age of Ultramarathon Runners","volume":"11","author":"J Senefeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311202.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181e57997","article-title":"Age and gender interactions in ultraendurance performance: insight from the triathlon","volume":"43","author":"R Lepers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"pone.0311202.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00973","article-title":"Sex Difference in Triathlon Performance","volume":"10","author":"R. Lepers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0311202.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31817e91a4","article-title":"Analysis of Hawaii ironman performances in elite triathletes from 1981 to 2007","volume":"40","author":"R. Lepers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0311202.ref026","first-page":"261","article-title":"The age-related decline in Olympic distance triathlon performance differs between males and females","volume":"53","author":"F Etter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"issue":"21\u201327","key":"pone.0311202.ref027","article-title":"Effect of age on the sex difference in Ironman triathlon performance","volume":"104","author":"MF Piacentini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Movement & Sport Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311202.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-023-00636-x","article-title":"Comparing the Performance Gap Between Males and Females in the Older Age Groups in IRONMAN\u00ae 70.3: An Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study of More Than 800,000 Race Records","volume":"9","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311202.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2012.01473.x","article-title":"Master triathletes have not reached limits in their Ironman triathlon performance","volume":"24","author":"M Stiefel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0311202.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2016-0050","article-title":"Masters Athletes: Exemplars of Successful Aging?","volume":"25","author":"D Geard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Aging Phys Act"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311202.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2020.2337","article-title":"Performance Declines Are Accelerated in the Oldest-Old Track and Field Athletes 80 to 94 Years of Age","volume":"24","author":"B Ganse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res"},{"key":"pone.0311202.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-2209-2","article-title":"Increased participation and improved performance in age group backstroke master swimmers from 25\u201329 to 100\u2013104 years at the FINA World Masters Championships from 1986 to 2014","volume":"5","author":"CM Unterweger","year":"2016","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0311202.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072521","article-title":"Can the Performance Gap between Women and Men be Reduced in Ultra-Cycling?","volume":"17","author":"S Baumgartner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0311202.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afv023","article-title":"Greater progression of athletic performance in older Masters athletes","volume":"44","author":"A Akkari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311202.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2021.08.006","article-title":"Triathlon Considerations.","volume":"33","author":"DM Cushman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0311202.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.17.06992-4","article-title":"Performance trends in individual medley events during FINA World Master Championships from 1986 to 2014","volume":"58","author":"PT Nikolaidis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0311202.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535120-00002","article-title":"Running performance differences between men and women:an update","volume":"35","author":"SN Cheuvront","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0311202.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0375","article-title":"Women outperform men in ultradistance swimming: the Manhattan Island Marathon Swim from 1983 to 2013","volume":"9","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0311202.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1016\/S1728-869X(09)60024-1","article-title":"Masters Athletes: An Analysis of Running, Swimming and Cycling Performance by Age and Gender.","volume":"7","author":"LB Ransdell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311202.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-024-00715-7","article-title":"Ultra-Cycling- Past, Present, Future: A Narrative Review.","volume":"10","author":"L Tiemeier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0311202.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.760747","article-title":"Age and gender interactions in short distance triathlon performance","volume":"31","author":"F Etter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0311202.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31827d17eb","article-title":"Age and sex differences pertaining to modes of locomotion in triathlon","volume":"45","author":"JL Stevenson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0311202.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/0361073X.2015.1001648","article-title":"Age-associated power decline from running, jumping, and throwing male masters world records.","volume":"41","author":"P Gava","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Aging Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0311202.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-020-00275-0","article-title":"Longitudinal trends in master track and field performance throughout the aging process: 83,209 results from Sweden in 16 athletics disciplines","volume":"42","author":"B Ganse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0311202.ref045","article-title":"The Impact of Motherhood on Women\u2019s Career Progression: A Scoping Review of Evidence-Based Interventions","volume":"14","author":"AJC Torres","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav Sci (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0311202.ref046","first-page":"214","article-title":"Women and Men in Sport Performance: The Gender Gap has not Evolved since 1983","volume":"9","author":"V Thibault","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0311202.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2014.934705","article-title":"Gender difference in cycling speed and age of winning performers in ultra-cycling\u2014the 508-mile \"Furnace Creek\" from 1983 to 2012","volume":"33","author":"CA R\u00fcst","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0311202.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01160.x","article-title":"Participation and performance trends in ultra-triathlons from 1985 to 2009","volume":"21","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"pone.0311202.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64123-6.00008-4","article-title":"Sex differences in cognition and aging and the influence of sex hormones","volume":"175","author":"C Gurvich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311202.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-018-0181-y","article-title":"Sex gap in aging and longevity: can sex chromosomes play a role?","volume":"9","author":"GAB Marais","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"pone.0311202.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00439","article-title":"Sex Hormones and Healthy Psychological Aging in Women","volume":"9","author":"E Navarro-Pardo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0311202.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.63425","article-title":"Sex differences in biological aging with a focus on human studies","volume":"10","author":"S H\u00e4gg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0311202.ref053","first-page":"e51287","article-title":"Endocrine Changes in Postmenopausal Women: A Comprehensive View","volume":"15","author":"V Motlani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"pone.0311202.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127689","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1127689","article-title":"Sex differences in musculoskeletal injury and disease risks across the lifespan: Are there unique subsets of females at higher risk than males for these conditions at distinct stages of the life cycle?","volume":"14","author":"DA Hart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311202.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-7648-1-15","article-title":"Sex difference in race performance and age of peak performance in the Ironman Triathlon World Championship from 1983 to 2012","volume":"1","author":"CA R\u00fcst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Extrem Physiol Med"},{"key":"pone.0311202.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709640","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.709640","article-title":"Women in International Elite Athletics: Gender (in)equality and National Participation","volume":"3","author":"HE Meier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0311202.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00359.2022","article-title":"Sex differences in human running performance: smaller gaps at shorter distances?","volume":"133","author":"EL McClelland","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"pone.0311202.ref058","first-page":"19","article-title":"Gender and Age Differences in Performance of Over 70,000 Chinese Finishers in the Half- and Full-Marathon Events","author":"S Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0311202.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01813-4","article-title":"Running Endurance in Women Compared to Men: Retrospective Analysis of Matched Real-World Big Data","volume":"53","author":"F Le Mat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0311202.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.2466\/30.06.PMS.116.2.690-706","article-title":"Sex differences in ultra-triathlon performance at increasing race distance","volume":"116","author":"CA R\u00fcst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"pone.0311202.ref061","article-title":"Sex differences in ultramarathon performance in races with comparable numbers of males and females","author":"N Tiller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0311202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T17:32:24Z","timestamp":1728322344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0311202"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Martin E.","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0311202","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]}}}