{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T21:25:37Z","timestamp":1751405137095,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Far ultraviolet-C irradiation at 222 nm has potent bactericidal effects against severe infections such as peritonitis, with minimal cytotoxicity. Bacterial peritonitis due to bowel perforation is a serious condition with high mortality despite current treatments. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of intraperitoneal far ultraviolet-C irradiation at 222 nm. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments optimized the fluid conditions for bacterial or protein concentrations prior to in vivo evaluation. In vivo efficacy was assessed in a rat peritonitis model induced by <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, measuring intra-abdominal bacterial concentration, blood cytokine levels, and mortality rates. Safety was evaluated by analyzing cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers as markers of DNA damage in five abdominal organs: stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, and spleen. Statistical analyses employed parametric methods for normally distributed data and non-parametric methods for data without normality. Optimal <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> conditions included 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> CFU\/mL bacteria, 0.5 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> irradiation, and 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> mg\/mL protein. In the rat model, far ultraviolet-C irradiation at 222 nm significantly decreased intra-abdominal bacteria, reduced blood cytokines (interleukin-1\u03b2 and interleukin-6), and elevated survival rates from 20% to 60%, compared to lavage alone. The formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers was significantly lower with 222 nm irradiation than with 254 nm, suggesting reduced DNA damage. These findings indicate that far ultraviolet-C irradiation at 222 nm, when combined with lavage, represents a promising therapeutic strategy for bacterial peritonitis, providing effective bacterial reduction and a favorable safety profile. Further research is needed to verify these findings and investigate long-term safety and potential clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0311552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T18:26:54Z","timestamp":1731436014000},"page":"e0311552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bactericidal effect of far ultraviolet-C irradiation at 222 nm against bacterial peritonitis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1453-6573","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kosuke","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3967-5139","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kiyotaka","family":"Kurachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyota","family":"Tatsuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadahiro","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiya","family":"Akai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsunori","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kakeru","family":"Torii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayu","family":"Sakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirotoshi","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Hiramatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2356-2930","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yohei","family":"Kumabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Oe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rena","family":"Kaigome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Koi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Ohashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroya","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0311552.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/ags3.12462","article-title":"Surgical outcomes in gastroenterological surgery in Japan: report of the National Clinical Database 2011\u20132019.","volume":"5","author":"S Marubashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol Surg."},{"key":"pone.0311552.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld-555","article-title":"Hot topics in surgical management of acute diverticulitiss","volume":"28","author":"GA Binda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"key":"pone.0311552.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1990.01410210058008","article-title":"Peritoneal lavage in abdominal sepsis. 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