{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:07:42Z","timestamp":1793394462880,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The escalating generation of household medical waste, a byproduct of industrialization and global population growth, has rendered its transportation and logistics management a critical societal concern. This study delves into the optimization of routes for vehicles within the household medical waste logistics network, a response to the imperative of managing this waste effectively. The potential for environmental and public health hazards due to improper waste disposal is acknowledged, prompting the incorporation of contamination risk, influenced by transport duration, waste volume, and wind velocity, into the analysis. To enhance the realism of the simulation, traffic congestion is integrated into the vehicle speed function, reflecting the urban roads\u2019 variability. Subsequently, a Bi-objective mixed-integer programming model is formulated to concurrently minimize total operational costs and environmental pollution risks. The complexity inherent in the optimization problem has motivated the development of the Adaptive Hybrid Artificial Fish Swarming Algorithm with Non-Dominated Sorting (AH-NSAFSA). This algorithm employs a sophisticated approach, amalgamating congestion distance and individual ranking to discern optimal solutions from the population. It incorporates a decay function to facilitate an adaptive iterative process, enhancing the algorithm\u2019s convergence properties. Furthermore, it leverages the concept of crossover-induced elimination to preserve the genetic diversity and overall robustness of the solution set. The empirical evaluation of AH-NSAFSA is conducted using a test set derived from the Solomon dataset, demonstrating the algorithm\u2019s capability to generate feasible non-dominated solutions for household medical waste recycling path planning. Comparative analysis with the Non-dominated Sorted Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (NSAFSA) and Non-dominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) across metrics such as MID, SM, NOS, and CT reveals that AH-NSAFSA excels in MID, SM, and NOS, and surpasses NSAFSA in CT, albeit slightly underperforming relative to NSGA-II. The study\u2019s holistic approach to waste recycling route planning, which integrates cost-effectiveness with pollution risk and traffic congestion considerations, offers substantial support for enterprises in formulating sustainable green development strategies. AH-NSAFSA offers an eco-efficient, holistic approach to medical waste recycling, advancing sustainable management practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0311582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T17:33:08Z","timestamp":1728322388000},"page":"e0311582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Optimization of household medical waste recycling logistics routes: Considering contamination risks"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1910-6145","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jihui","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aobei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0311582.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2019.03.029","article-title":"Medical waste generation and management in medical clinics in South of Iran.","volume":"6","author":"M.H Dehghani","year":"2019","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"key":"pone.0311582.ref002","author":"Sohu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Size of the medical waste treatment industry in China from 2018 to 1st half of 2023 (in billion yuan);"},{"key":"pone.0311582.ref003","author":"Sohu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Forecasted size of the medical waste treatment industry in China from 2023 to 2029 (in billion yuan);\/"},{"issue":"09","key":"pone.0311582.ref004","first-page":"1136","article-title":"Advances in the management of discarded needles for home insulin injection in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"53","author":"R.H Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Chinese Journal of Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0311582.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.12968\/bjcn.2007.12.2.22813","article-title":"Review of standard precautions and sharps management in the community","volume":"12","author":"J Cutter","year":"2007","journal-title":"British journal of community nursing"},{"key":"pone.0311582.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8231","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-024-05610-y","article-title":"A review of the COVID-19 pandemic\u2019s effects and challenges on worldwide waste management for sustainable development","volume":"12","author":"S. 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