{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:28:16Z","timestamp":1792164496522,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multi-marathoners, athletes dedicated to completing 100\u2009+ marathons, represent a unique endurance sport subculture. This study examines their psychological traits using the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) and Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to identify personality-based profiles and subgroup differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An online cross-sectional survey of 593 multi-marathoners (56% men, 44% women, mean age =\u2009 53.87, SD =\u2009 9.91, countries =\u200922) collected TIPI data. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach\u2019s Alpha and Guttman\u2019s Lambda 6. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U tests, ANOVA Aligned Rank Transform (ART), Wilcoxon post-hoc tests, and Spearman\u2019s correlations to examine personality differences across gender, age and health variables. LCA identified distinct personality subgroups. Normative TIPI data served as a comparison benchmark.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multi-marathoners exhibited higher conscientiousness (F(1,591) =\u2009 2.42, p &lt;\u20090.001) but lower emotional stability (F(1,591) =\u2009 5.525, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than the general population, suggesting strong goal-directed behaviour but challenges in stress management. Women showed higher agreeableness (W =\u2009 50809, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.00091), while age-related differences were not statistically significant. LCA revealed four personality-based subgroups, including those with high resilience and others with health vulnerabilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multi-marathoners display distinct psychological traits, particularly high conscientiousness and lower emotional stability. These findings highlight the need for tailored psychological interventions to support multi-marathon\u00a0athletes'\u00a0participation and well-being. Future research should explore longitudinal patterns and explore the efficacy of psychological interventions to enhance participation and well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0311647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T17:19:04Z","timestamp":1743527944000},"page":"e0311647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Unveiling the psychological traits of multi-marathoners: Insights from TIPI personality trait analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8145-7046","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leo","family":"Lundy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8699-0735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard B.","family":"Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4332-0157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Wilczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0311647.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02145","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2145","article-title":"Personality profile of individual sports champions","volume":"11","author":"P Piepiora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0311647.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0302602","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302602","article-title":"Demographics, culture and participatory nature of multi-marathoning-An observational study highlighting issues with recommendations","volume":"19","author":"L Lundy","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0311647.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.2165\/11536580-000000000-00000","article-title":"Sport psychiatry: a systematic review of diagnosis and medical treatment of mental illness in athletes","volume":"40","author":"CL Reardon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0311647.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0492-2","article-title":"The Mental Health of Elite Athletes: A Narrative Systematic Review","volume":"46","author":"SM Rice","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0311647.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284378","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1284378","article-title":"The influence of the five-factor model of personality on performance in competitive sports: a review","volume":"14","author":"Y Shuai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0311647.ref006","article-title":"Pattern and Growth in Personality","author":"GW Allport","year":"1961"},{"key":"pone.0311647.ref007","article-title":"The Description and Measurement of Personality","author":"RB Cattell","year":"1946"},{"key":"pone.0311647.ref008","article-title":"Dimensions of Personality","author":"HJ Eysenck","year":"1947"},{"key":"pone.0311647.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428107","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1428107","article-title":"On research into the relationship between personality traits and the sporting level of competitive, professional and elite athletes","volume":"15","author":"PA Piepiora","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0311647.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.109973","article-title":"Executive function and personality: The moderating role of athletic expertise","volume":"161","author":"RS Vaughan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"pone.0311647.ref011","first-page":"159","article-title":"A five-factor theory of personality","author":"RR McCrae","year":"n.d","journal-title":"Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research"},{"key":"pone.0311647.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.09.040","article-title":"Associations between personality, sports participation and athletic success. 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