{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:37:37Z","timestamp":1792802257992,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Alberta Innovates Interdisciplinary Team","award":["200700595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200700595"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ynafe15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003206","name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"CIHR","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PJT-173295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-173295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies have investigated whether inflammatory cytokines in maternal circulation are associated with preterm birth. However, many have reported inconsistent results, and few have investigated cytokine trends through gestation, particularly with respect to subtypes of preterm birth. We explored levels of 15 inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in plasma and serum collected in the second (17\u201323 weeks, timepoint 1 (T1)) and third (28\u201332 weeks, timepoint 2 (T2)) trimesters with respect to subtypes of preterm birth: spontaneous preterm labour (sPTL), preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), and medically indicated preterm birth (mPTB). The change in TNF\u03b1 levels over time (T2\/T1) significantly classified mPTB from term birth with an AUC of 0.79. While elevated sICAM-1 levels were significantly associated with sPTL, sICAM-1 was not an effective biomarker for prediction. While statistical differences in some biomarkers, such as TNF\u03b1 and sICAM-1 were found, these are likely not clinically meaningful for prediction. These results did not reveal a relationship between spontaneous labour and circulating maternal inflammatory biomarkers, however, do suggest distinct inflammatory profiles between subtypes of preterm birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0311721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T13:52:46Z","timestamp":1734616366000},"page":"e0311721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Maternal cytokine profiles in second and early third trimester are not predictive of preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0876-5417","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kylie K.","family":"Hornaday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0124-7278","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nikki L.","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary T.","family":"Canning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne C.","family":"Tough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2811-3632","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Donna M.","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10409","key":"pone.0311721.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00878-4","article-title":"National, regional, and global estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010: a systematic analysis","volume":"402","author":"EO Ohuma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311721.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.229","article-title":"Leukocytes infiltrate the myometrium during human parturition: further evidence that labour is an inflammatory process","volume":"14","author":"AJ Thomson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0311721.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1209796","article-title":"Invasion of the leukocytes into the fetal-maternal interface during pregnancy","volume":"88","author":"N Gomez-Lopez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0311721.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181e6dbc0","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines and spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic women: A systematic review","volume":"116","author":"SQ Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0311721.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gap054","article-title":"Leukocytes are primed in peripheral blood for activation during term and preterm labour","volume":"15","author":"M Yuan","year":"2009","journal-title":"MOL HUM REPROD"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311721.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00582.x","article-title":"Preterm premature rupture of membranes: diagnosis, evaluation and management strategies","volume":"112","author":"HN Simhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bjog"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311721.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00575.x","article-title":"The epidemiology of preterm labour","volume":"112","author":"P. 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