{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T18:06:46Z","timestamp":1788458806240,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 HL145386, U01 CA176726, R01 ES029840, and P30 ES000002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 HL145386, U01 CA176726, R01 ES029840, and P30 ES000002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-reporting is often used in large epidemiologic research to identify hypertensive participants, but its validity in young adults has not been sufficiently assessed. We aimed to validate self-reported hypertension diagnosis from questionnaires by using medical records among a sample of young adults aged 22\u201339 years in the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS), during a time of transition in national hypertension definitions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A sample of 1,000 GUTS participants were asked for permission to access their medical records, to confirm their self-reported hypertension status on questionnaires from 2010 to 2019. Paired self-reported and medical record information was available for 318 participants. Medical records were reviewed by a clinical hypertension specialist. We evaluated agreement, kappa statistic, sensitivity and specificity of self-reporting. We assessed the correlations between blood pressure measurements self-reported on the 2019 questionnaire and those from medical records and compared the measurements using paired t-tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The selected sample was generally representative of the full GUTS cohort. Agreement, kappa coefficient, sensitivity and specificity of self-reported hypertension were 85.5%, 0.72, 100%, and 75.3%. Although the absolute differences in blood pressure measurements between self-report and medical records were small (e.g., the average difference in typical recent blood pressures was 3.5\/1.2 mm Hg), these measures were only moderately correlated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Validity of self-reported hypertension was high in GUTS, ensuring use as an endpoint in future studies with confidence. We demonstrated that young adults likely without formal medical training are able to report hypertension status with reasonable accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0311812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T13:45:26Z","timestamp":1729777526000},"page":"e0311812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Validation of self-reported hypertension in young adults in the US-based Growing Up Today Study (GUTS)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9644-8026","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime E.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1649-1441","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Naomi D. L.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francine","family":"Laden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0311812.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpw168","article-title":"Long-Term Exposure to NO2 and Ozone and Hypertension Incidence in the Black Women\u2019s Health Study","volume":"30","author":"PF Coogan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0311812.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP163","article-title":"Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter and Self-Reported Hypertension: A Prospective Analysis in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study","volume":"124","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0311812.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13854","article-title":"Accuracy of self-reported hypertension: Effect of age, gender, and history of alcohol dependence","volume":"22","author":"JL Wellman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0311812.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001648","article-title":"Accuracy of self-reported hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"VSS Goncalves","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0311812.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2022-219096","article-title":"Self-report of chronic diseases in old-aged individuals: extent of agreement with general practitioner medical records in the German AugUR study","volume":"76","author":"AB Steinkirchner","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"pone.0311812.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2022.101255","article-title":"Inconsistency in prevalence of hypertension based on self-reports and use of standard tests: Implications for large scale surveys","volume":"19","author":"SK Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0311812.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(02)00580-2","article-title":"Evaluating the quality of self-reports of hypertension and diabetes","volume":"56","author":"N Goldman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0311812.ref008","unstructured":"Growing Up Today Study (GUTS) [cited June 12 2024]. https:\/\/gutsweb.org\/."},{"key":"pone.0311812.ref009","unstructured":"Nurses\u2019 Health Study (NHS) [cited June 12 2024]. https:\/\/nurseshealthstudy.org\/."},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0311812.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560","article-title":"The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report","volume":"289","author":"AV Chobanian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"pone.0311812.ref011","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","author":"PK Whelton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"pone.0311812.ref012","unstructured":"The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) [cited June 12 2024]. http:\/\/www.cpc.unc.edu\/projects\/addhealth."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0311812.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.3","article-title":"Prevalence of risk factors for metabolic syndrome in adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2001\u20132006","volume":"163","author":"WD Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0311812.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"ML McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochemia medica"},{"key":"pone.0311812.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-312","article-title":"Hypertension: development of a prediction model to adjust self-reported hypertension prevalence at the community level","volume":"12","author":"G Mentz","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0311812.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1997.0190","article-title":"Validity of Self-Reported Hypertension in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988\u20131991","volume":"26","author":"CM Vargas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311812.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009836","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009836","article-title":"Comparison of self-reported and biomedical data on hypertension and diabetes: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)","volume":"6","author":"M Ning","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0311812.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.117630","article-title":"Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of incident hypertension among young women","volume":"52","author":"JP Forman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0311812.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.16489","article-title":"White-Coat Hypertension: Pathophysiological and Clinical Aspects: Excellence Award for Hypertension Research 2020","volume":"78","author":"G Mancia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0311812.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpt181","article-title":"Validity and concordance between self-reported and clinical diagnosis of hypertension among elderly residents in northeastern Brazil","volume":"27","author":"TN de Menezes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0311812.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.18.257","article-title":"Validity of Self-reported Hypertension and Factors Related to Discordance Between Self-reported and Objectively Measured Hypertension: Evidence From a Cohort Study in Iran","volume":"52","author":"F Najafi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Prev Med Public Health"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"pone.0311812.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.11.6.545","article-title":"The reproducibility of average ambulatory, home, and clinic pressures","volume":"11","author":"GD James","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hypertension"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0311812","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T13:45:38Z","timestamp":1729777538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0311812"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ibrahim 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