{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:09:05Z","timestamp":1740146945081,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJCE1302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJCE1302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJCA2201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJCA2201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJPF2210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPF2210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study examined the impact of the Center of Healthy Aging Program (CHAP) on the cognitive function and economic burden associated with dementia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This observational study utilised Iwaki cohort data. We included participants with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores and categorised them into pre- and post-CHAP groups based on their year of entry into the cohort (before 2013 or after) (index year). We defined participants with suspected severe cognitive impairment and suspected mild cognitive impairment using their MMSE scores, with their incidence being the first observation meeting these definitions during the follow-up period. We compared the incidence rates between the pre- and post-CHAP groups using Cox proportional hazard analysis. Medical and caregiving costs were estimated based on the projected number of residents in Iwaki area with suspected mild cognitive impairment and sSCI during hypothetical 10 years of the CHAP implemented or not and compared.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of the 2,569 participants, 1716 and 853 were included in the pre- and post-CHAP groups, respectively. The incidence rate of suspected mild cognitive impairment was significantly lower in the post-CHAP group even after adjusted known factors associated with cognitive disorders. No cases of suspected severe cognitive impairment occurred in the post-CHAP group during the follow-up period. Estimated costs of JPY 1,628,450 (USD 11562.00 or EUR 10259.24, JPY 100\u2009 = \u2009USD 0.71 or EUR 0.63) and JPY 789,560 (USD 5605.88 or EUR 4974.23) per person per year were projected after 10 years with and without the CHAP, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We demonstrated a reduction in the incidence rate of suspected mild cognitive impairment among residents who participated in the CHAP and a decrease in the medical and caregiving costs associated with suspected severe cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0311826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T17:28:59Z","timestamp":1728926939000},"page":"e0311826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reduction in the incidence of cognitive impairment and related costs through an innovative health awareness programme in rural Japan"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1077-6393","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ayako","family":"Shoji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Kudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Murashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeyuki","family":"Nakaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ataru","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0311826.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-016-0188-8","article-title":"Recent global trends in the prevalence and incidence of dementia, and survival with dementia.","volume":"8","author":"M Prince","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"10248","key":"pone.0311826.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission","volume":"396","author":"G Livingston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"pone.0311826.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622317712442","article-title":"Strategies for dementia prevention: latest evidence and implications","volume":"8","author":"G Rakesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0311826.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70040-1","article-title":"Vascular cognitive impairment: current concepts and clinical developments","volume":"7","author":"P Moorhouse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0311826.ref005","first-page":"750","article-title":"Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia.","volume":"28","author":"E Chang Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)."},{"issue":"25","key":"pone.0311826.ref006","first-page":"3326","article-title":"Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: JACC Scientific Expert Panel","volume":"73","author":"C Iadecola","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0311826.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1177\/01939459211032272","article-title":"The Effects of Multi-Domain Interventions on Cognition: A Systematic Review.","volume":"44","author":"S Ahn","year":"2022","journal-title":"West J Nurs Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0311826.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000792","article-title":"Multidomain interventions for risk reduction and prevention of cognitive decline and dementia: current developments.","volume":"35","author":"S R\u00f6hr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0311826.ref009","first-page":"465","article-title":"The Japan-Multimodal Intervention Trial for Prevention of Dementia (J-MINT): The Study Protocol for an 18-Month, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial.","volume":"8","author":"T Sugimoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0311826.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-023-2046-2","article-title":"Multi-Domain Interventions for Dementia Prevention\u2013A Systematic Review","volume":"27","author":"CB Castro","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging"},{"key":"pone.0311826.ref011","unstructured":"Cabinet Office (Japan). Annual Report on the Aging Society FY2021 [Internet]. [cited 2023 Sep 5]. 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