{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:01:52Z","timestamp":1790827312261,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, has been shown to increase exercise performance in strength and cycling studies but its effects on running endurance remain unclear. The objectives of this randomized sham-controlled crossover trial were to assess tDCS efficacy on submaximal treadmill running time to exhaustion (TTE). Forty-five healthy male runners aged between 18 and 32 years (mean maximal oxygen consumption: 46.6 mL\/min\/kg) performed two constant-load tests at 90% of their maximal aerobic speed preceded by 20 minutes of active or sham multichannel (5 anodes, 3 cathodes) tDCS applied over the bilateral motor cortex with a total intensity of 4 mA. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate, VO<jats:sub>2,<\/jats:sub> and heart rate were monitored every five minutes until volitional exhaustion. The median [IQR] TTE was similar following active (12.2 [10.5, 16.1] minutes) or sham (12.5 [10.2, 15.1] minutes) tDCS (p = 0.96). Likewise, there were no significant differences between active and sham conditions for RPE, blood lactate, final VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and final heart rate (all p \u22650.05). No difference in TTE was found when stratifying groups according to their VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max (i.e., VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max \u2265 45 mL\/min\/Kg, p = 0.53; VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max &lt; 45 mL\/min\/Kg, p = 0.45) but there was a trend for a significant correlation between VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max and change in TTE (p = 0.06). TDCS applied over the bilateral motor cortex did not improve endurance performance in a large sample of trained runners. Characterization of individual tDCS responsiveness deserves further consideration. In our experimental conditions, tDCS had no ergogenic effect on endurance running performance.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Trial registration<\/jats:bold>: Clinical trial registration: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04005846\" xlink:type=\"simple\">NCT04005846<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0312084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T19:18:18Z","timestamp":1733426298000},"page":"e0312084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Can transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the motor cortex increase endurance running performance? a randomized crossover-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7038-7165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G\u00e9raldine","family":"Martens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1951-3725","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Hody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Bornheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4606-4272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luca","family":"Angius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"De Beaumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Fregni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Ruffini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Kaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurore","family":"Thibaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Bury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0312084.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00483","article-title":"\u201cBrain-Doping,\u201d Is It a Real Threat?","volume":"10","author":"D Holgado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0312084.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0027-z","article-title":"Neurodoping: Brain stimulation as a performance-enhancing measure","volume":"43","author":"NJ Davis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sport Med"},{"key":"pone.0312084.ref003","first-page":"227333","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation effects on athletes\u2019 cognitive performance: An exploratory proof of concept trial","volume":"7","author":"DMM Borducchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0312084.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.10.1899","article-title":"Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans","volume":"57","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0312084.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-424X(09)70230-2","article-title":"Modulation of cortical excitability by weak direct current stimulation\u2014technical, safety and functional aspects","volume":"56","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2003","journal-title":"Suppl Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0312084.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.049916","article-title":"Pharmacological modulation of cortical excitability shifts induced by transcranial direct current stimulation in humans","volume":"553","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0312084.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5203","DOI":"10.1113\/JP282564","article-title":"Critical considerations of the contribution of the corticomotoneuronal pathway to central fatigue","volume":"600","author":"M Amann","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0312084.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284152","article-title":"Critical considerations on tDCS-mediated changes in corticospinal response to fatiguing exercise","volume":"601","author":"L. 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