{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T23:44:50Z","timestamp":1785195890443,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006107","name":"Gil Medical Center, Gachon University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRD2021-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRD2021-19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006107","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Given the critical importance of maternal mental health for the well-being of both the mother and fetus, it is essential to thoroughly investigate the impact of COVID-19 infection on mental health. This study aims to identify the factors associated with COVID-19 infection and mental health, underscoring the necessity of effective mental health management for pregnant women.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Data were analyzed from 97 pregnant women who visited Gachon University Gil hospital in South Korea. Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection status was categorized based on whether the infection occurred during pregnancy. Maternal anxiety, the dependent variable, was measured using the state anxiety scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between COVID-19 infection and anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among the 97 pregnant women, 50 (51.5%) experienced anxiety. Of those infected with COVID-19, 31 (64.6%) experienced anxiety. The mean anxiety score was significantly higher in pregnant women with COVID-19 infection compared to those without infection (Infected: Mean = 46.35, SD = 13.85; Non-infected: Mean = 39.59, SD = 10.58, p-value:0.008). Maternal depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder were significantly higher in pregnant women with COVID-19 infection, while fetal attachment showed no significant difference. Pregnant women infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy were more likely to experience anxiety compared to non-infected women (Adjusted OR = 9.37; 95% CI = 1.39\u201363.12).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study highlights that pregnant women infected with COVID-19 are more likely to experience elevated levels of anxiety, emphasizing the critical importance of addressing mental health among pregnant women. The insights from this study could provide valuable guidance for policymaking, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to manage mental health in pregnant women and mitigate the risk of adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0312300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T17:39:26Z","timestamp":1729791566000},"page":"e0312300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Factors associated with COVID-19 infection in pregnant women: Focusing on maternal anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7334-0140","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wonjeong","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bora","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin Hee","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunsang","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3600-9691","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suk Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5278-6816","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jong Youn","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0312300.ref001","article-title":"Avoidance of Healthcare Utilization in South Korea during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.","volume":"18","author":"M Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0312300.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2021.100123","article-title":"Mental health of pregnant and postpartum women in response to the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"4","author":"SED Perzow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0312300.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02028-2","article-title":"How COVID-19 shaped mental health: from infection to pandemic effects","volume":"28","author":"Benros ME Penninx BWJH","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0312300.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S287534","article-title":"Antenatal Care Service Utilization of Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Public Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period.","volume":"12","author":"E. 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