{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T03:34:36Z","timestamp":1768880076133,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>When assessing the non-dietary risks for operators, workers, bystanders and residents to active substances in plant protection products (PPPs) that contain stereoisomers, the EFSA guidance on stereoisomers recommends the application of uncertainty factors when the initial ratio of stereoisomers undergoes a significant stereoisomeric excess change of more than 10%. This precautionary approach may be over-conservative in cases where the change in isomers is due to differences in their degradation rates rather than conversion of one isomer to a potentially more toxic isomer. Therefore, the impact of isomeric composition in non-dietary risk assessments of PPPs was evaluated, with particular emphasis on dislodgeable foliar residues (DFR) data and potential enantioselective degradation processes. Hypothetical outcomes are discussed as well as an evaluation of data for 5 compounds from a total of 35 DFR studies conducted under GLP, aimed at deriving DFR values for higher tier assessments. The findings indicate that possible isomerization of the active substance on leaves can be detected in DFR studies, which is essential for assessing risks to workers and residents. The results of this evaluation highlight the potential for over-conservatism of the current EFSA method for calculating uncertainty factors in non-dietary risk assessments. The EFSA method\u2019s reliance on worst-case assumptions, coupled with the lack of a formal statistical basis, can lead to overestimation of exposure, as illustrated in our theoretical considerations and supported by empirical data from DFR studies. To address this, we propose an alternative approach to evaluating risk considering both degradation and interconversion rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0312688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T17:23:32Z","timestamp":1730481812000},"page":"e0312688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of dislodgeable foliar residue studies for the evaluation of isomerization potential of active substances for non-dietary risk assessment"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8547-6407","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Silke","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7141-6236","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christian J.","family":"Kuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6147","key":"pone.0312688.ref001","first-page":"728","article-title":"Smarter pest control. The pesticide paradox","volume":"341","author":"M Enserink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Introduction. Science"},{"key":"pone.0312688.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.10.309","article-title":"Environmental and health effects of the herbicide glyphosate","volume":"616\u2013617","author":"AHC Van Bruggen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0312688.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10030596","article-title":"Biological Control of Plant Pathogens: A Global Perspective","volume":"10","author":"R Lahlali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"pone.0312688.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148625","article-title":"Do pesticides promote or hinder sustainability in agriculture? The challenge of sustainable use of pesticides in modern agriculture","volume":"795","author":"M Lykogianni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0312688.ref005","first-page":"e07032","article-title":"European Food Safety Authority. Guidance on the assessment of exposure of operators, workers, residents and bystanders in risk assessment of plant protection products","volume":"20","author":"EFSA","year":"2022","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"pone.0312688.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2022.463595","article-title":"Enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatographic separations to study occurrence and fate of chiral pesticides in soil, water, and agricultural products","volume":"1685","author":"E Lucci","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0312688.ref007","first-page":"5804","article-title":"Guidance of EFSA on risk assessments for active substances of plant protection products that have stereoisomers as components or impurities and for transformation products of active substances that may have stereoisomers","volume":"17","author":"EFSA. (European Food Safety Authority)","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"pone.0312688.ref008","unstructured":"Commission Regulation (EU) No 284\/2013 of 1 March 2013 setting out the data requirement for plant protection products, Annex Part A Section 2, point 7."},{"key":"pone.0312688.ref009","unstructured":"EU. Data requirements for setting maximum residue levels, comparability of residue trials and extrapolation of residue data on products from plant and animal origin. SANTE\/2019\/12752\u2014revision1, 10th May 2023. https:\/\/food.ec.europa.eu\/document\/download\/d0729db4-fe2f-4750-b3d4-f7aa913c51d1_en?filename=pesticides_mrl_guidelines_app-d.pdf. 2019."},{"key":"pone.0312688.ref010","unstructured":"CLE. CropLife International. TECHNICAL MONOGRAPH n\u00b0 2, 7th Edition Revised March 2017. Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system. https:\/\/croplife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Technical-Monograph-2-7th-Edition-Revised-March-2017.pdf. 2017."},{"key":"pone.0312688.ref011","unstructured":"Edmiston S, Powell S, Spencer J, Curtis C. Guidance for determination of dislodgeable foliar residue. California Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Pesticide Regulation, Worker Health & Safety Branch. Rerieved from [website] on 14.12.2023 from: https:\/\/pesticidetruths.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/Reference-Dislodgeable-Residues-1990-11-27-Guidance-For-Dewtermination-California-EPA.pdf. 2002."},{"key":"pone.0312688.ref012","unstructured":"US EPA. Occupational and residential exposure test guidelines. OPPTS 875.2100. Foliar dislodgeable residue dissipation. USEPA Publication No. 712-C-96-267, Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances, Washington, DC. 1996."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0312688","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T17:23:38Z","timestamp":1730481818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0312688"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Vinod Kumar","family":"Vashistha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0312688","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]}}}