{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T10:05:22Z","timestamp":1745834722449,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002460","name":"Chung-Ang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to determine whether the olfactory bulb height (OBH) measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has clinical utility as an imaging biomarker in the evaluation of patients with idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease (iPD) through its correlation with movement impairment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This retrospective study included cognitively intact patients with suspected parkinsonism. All participants underwent T2-weighted imaging to measure OBH. Logistic regression was used to determine whether OBH was an independent risk factor for distinguishing iPD patients from disease controls, and its relation with clinical parameters related to motor impairment, including clinical laterality, modified Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stage, and Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III score, was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Based on the final clinical diagnosis, 79 patients with iPD and 16 disease controls were included. The mean OBH was significantly smaller in iPD than in disease controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). OBH was a significant independent predictor of iPD, with a cutoff of 1.52 mm. In the comparison among the ipsilateral, contralateral side of iPD with clinical laterality, and disease control group, the OBH of the disease control group was significantly larger than both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in OBH between the ipsilateral and contralateral sides (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). OBH according to HY stage was significantly smaller in HY stage 2\u20133 groups than in the disease control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The correlation analysis between UPDRS III and OBH showed a mild negative correlation (r = -0.32, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.013).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>MRI-measured OBH is decreased in iPD regardless of age and sex and may be correlated with the progression of motor symptoms in the iPD.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0312728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T17:32:00Z","timestamp":1730136720000},"page":"e0312728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical significance of MRI-measured olfactory bulb height as an imaging biomarker of idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sohyun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6240-8277","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jungbin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung Youn","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Ik","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Younghee","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0312728.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(75)90058-2","article-title":"Olfactory function in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"28","author":"KA Ansari","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0312728.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2008.12.005","article-title":"Prevalence of smell loss in Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2014a multicenter study","volume":"15","author":"A Haehner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0312728.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9","article-title":"Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"H Braak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0312728.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12050513","article-title":"Does Olfactory Dysfunction Correlate with Disease Progression in Parkinson\u2019s Disease? 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