{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T21:53:36Z","timestamp":1784325216687,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adolescence and emerging adulthood are two life stages marked by notable cognitive and socioemotional changes. During both periods, friendships play an increasingly significant role and can significantly impact individuals positively or negatively. Despite the evolving nature of these relationships, parents remain crucial to the development of both adolescents and emerging adults, playing a key role in their well-being. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of attachment to friends in the relationship between parental attachment and the well-being of Chilean adolescents and emerging adults. In a cross-sectional correlational study, 363 adolescents (48.2% female) aged 14 to 17 years (M = 15.33, SD = 0.95) and 199 emerging adults (67.8% female) aged 18 to 29 years (M = 22.42, SD = 2.53) completed the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment and the Pemberton Happiness Index Scale to assess general, eudaimonic, hedonic, and social well-being. Results of path analyses indicated that, for both adolescents and emerging adults, a more secure attachment to parents was directly associated with higher scores in all well-being dimensions. Additionally, more secure parental attachment was indirectly associated with better eudaimonic and social well-being through a more secure attachment to friends. These findings suggest that enhancing parental attachment could be a valuable focus in clinical interventions aimed at improving overall well-being in adolescents and emerging adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0312777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T17:33:00Z","timestamp":1730309580000},"page":"e0312777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Parental attachment, attachment to friends, and well-being among Chilean adolescents and emerging adults"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Omayck","family":"Valarezo-Bravo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3461-0451","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Guzm\u00e1n-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"W\u0142odarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Ubillos-Landa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Casu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0312777.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00918","article-title":"Emerging adulthood, a pre-adult life-history stage.","volume":"10","author":"Z Hochberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref002","author":"UNICEF","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adolescent development and participation"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref003","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adolescent health"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2020.1785859","article-title":"Pubertal timing and externalizing problem behaviours in adolescents: The influence of perceived parental attachments","volume":"18","author":"P. 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Arnett","year":"2015"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7764\/psykhe.2019.21813","article-title":"Prevalencia de sintomatolog\u00eda de salud mental y h\u00e1bitos de salud en una muestra de universitarios chilenos.","volume":"30","author":"A Barrera-Herrera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psykhe (Santiago)."},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4684","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20064684","article-title":"Analysis of the mental and physical health symptomatology scale in a sample of emerging and migrant adults in Chile.","volume":"20","author":"A Barrera-Herrera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494815569864","article-title":"Gender differences in development of mental well-being from adolescence to young adulthood: An eight-year follow-up study","volume":"43","author":"S Gestsdottir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-016-9717-1","article-title":"Changes with age in subjective well-being through the adolescent years: differences by gender.","volume":"18","author":"M Gonz\u00e1lez-Carrasco","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Happiness Stud."},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1647-5","article-title":"Prevalence and stability of mental disorders among young adults: findings from a longitudinal study.","volume":"18","author":"K Gustavson","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-48082021000300405","article-title":"Salud mental en estudiantes de educaci\u00f3n superior en Chile: una revisi\u00f3n de alcance con meta-an\u00e1lisis.","volume":"39","author":"P Mart\u00ednez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ter psicol\u00f3gica."},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref016","first-page":"277","article-title":"Prevalencia de los trastornos mentales del 2018 al 2020 en Macar\u00e1 y Huaquillas, Ecuador.","volume":"23","author":"OF Valarezo-Bravo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heal Addict y Drog"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-01961-4","article-title":"Gender difference in the change of adolescents\u2019 mental health and subjective wellbeing trajectories.","volume":"32","author":"Y Yoon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-005-9014-5","article-title":"Developmental differences in adolescents\u2019 and young adults\u2019 use of mothers, fathers, best friends, and romantic partners to fulfill attachment needs.","volume":"35","author":"D Markiewicz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031064","article-title":"Parental attachment and peer relationships in adolescence: A systematic review","volume":"19","author":"E Delgado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1080\/01494929.2018.1518822","article-title":"Parental factors, psychological well-being, and sibling dynamics: A mediational model in emerging adulthood.","volume":"55","author":"A. 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Gorrese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Youth Care Forum"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000437","article-title":"The relationship between adult attachment and mental health: A meta-analysis.","volume":"123","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.44.4.709","article-title":"Attachments beyond infancy.","volume":"44","author":"MS Ainsworth","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022112472253","article-title":"Attachment and culture.","volume":"44","author":"H Keller","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cross Cult Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11414","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720325115","article-title":"Universality claim of attachment theory: Children\u2019s socioemotional development across cultures","volume":"115","author":"H. Keller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref042","volume-title":"Handbook of attachment Theory, research, and clinical applications.","author":"J Mesman","year":"2016","edition":"3"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1177\/2167696814561767","article-title":"Is emerging adults\u2019 attachment preference for the romantic partner transferred from their attachment preferences for their mother, father, and friends?","volume":"3","author":"T Umemura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Adulthood"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025416647545","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in emerging adults\u2019 attachment preferences for their mother, father, friends, and romantic partner.","volume":"41","author":"T Umemura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Behav Dev"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref045","volume-title":"Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being","author":"M. 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Handbook of Youth and Young Adulthood.","author":"JL Tanner","year":"2016","edition":"2"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.2.226","article-title":"Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model.","volume":"61","author":"K Bartholomew","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol."},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(03)01002-5","article-title":"The Attachment Behavioral System In Adulthood: Activation, Psychodynamics, And Interpersonal Processes.","author":"M Mikulincer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02202939","article-title":"The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence.","volume":"16","author":"GC Armsden","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2021.07.008","article-title":"Effect of a parenting intervention on decreasing adolescents\u2019 behavioral problems via reduction in attachment insecurity: A longitudinal, multicenter, randomized controlled trial.","volume":"91","author":"L Barone","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Adolesc."},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref061","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Handbook of Attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications.","author":"I Bretherton","year":"1999"},{"key":"pone.0312777.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.5944\/ap.8.2.190","article-title":"Apego en la adolescencia","volume":"8","author":"A. 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