{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T12:46:43Z","timestamp":1785761203242,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001250","name":"Morris Animal Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D21EQ-401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D21EQ-401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biofilms reduce antibiotic efficacy and lead to complications and mortality in human and equine patients with orthopedic infections. Equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) kill planktonic bacteria and prevent biofilm formation, but their ability to disrupt established orthopedic biofilms is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the ability of MSC to reduce established <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> biofilms <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. We hypothesized that MSC would reduce biofilm matrix and colony-forming units (CFU) compared to no treatment and that MSC combined with the antibiotic, amikacin sulfate, would reduce these components more than MSC or amikacin alone. MSC were isolated from 5 adult Thoroughbred horses in antibiotic-free medium. 24-hour <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> biofilms were co-cultured in triplicate for 24 or 48 hours in a transwell plate system: untreated (negative) control, 30 \u03bcg\/mL amikacin, 1 x 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> passage 3 MSC, and MSC with 30 \u03bcg\/mL amikacin. Treated biofilms were photographed and biofilm area quantified digitally. Biomass was quantified via crystal violet staining, and CFU quantified following enzymatic digestion. Data were analyzed using mixed model ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc comparisons (p &lt; 0.05). MSC significantly reduced <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic> biofilms at both timepoints and <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> biofilm area at 48 hours compared to untreated controls. MSC with amikacin significantly reduced <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic> biofilms versus amikacin and <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> biofilms versus MSC at 48 hours. MSC significantly reduced <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic> biomass at both timepoints and reduced <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic> CFU at 48 hours versus untreated controls. MSC with amikacin significantly reduced <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic> biomass versus amikacin at 24 hours and <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> CFU versus MSC at both timepoints. MSC primarily disrupted the biofilm matrix but performed differently on <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic> versus <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>. Evaluation of biofilm-MSC interactions, MSC dose, and treatment time are warranted prior to testing <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0312917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T17:29:33Z","timestamp":1730395773000},"page":"e0312917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells reduce established S. aureus and E. coli biofilm matrix in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5664-4556","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Khatibzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3825-7763","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Linda 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