{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:56:35Z","timestamp":1775004995946,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Vitamin D is thought to play a role in the development of migraine, but the nature of the relationship is still not fully understood. Although some studies have shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and migraine, other studies have had inconsistent or inconclusive results. Therefore, further research is needed to better understand the relationship between vitamin D and migraine headaches.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We selected 9142 participants from the 2001\u20132004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). In our study, the term \"serum vitamin D\" refers to the concentration of 25OHD2 + 25OHD3 (nmol\/L) in the blood. Migraine was assessed based on self-reports in the miscellaneous pain section of the NHANES questionnaire. Associations between vitamin D and the risk of migraine were examined using multiple logistic regression, smoothed curve fitting, and stratified analyses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In our study, 20.53% of the participants suffered from migraine. The prevalence of migraine was higher in those with lower serum vitamin D levels. Participants in the highest quartile of serum vitamin D levels were found to have a 16% lower prevalence than those in the lowest quartile in the fully adjusted model (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.71\u20130.99). This result was supported by stratified analysis and smoothed curve fitting.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our study showed a significant negative correlation between serum vitamin D levels and the prevalence of migraine in American adults.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0313082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T18:32:46Z","timestamp":1735929166000},"page":"e0313082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association between serum vitamin D and severe headache or migraine: A population-based 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