{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T06:52:03Z","timestamp":1787986323870,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.814205\/2023-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.814205\/2023-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis are two prevalent conditions in the older population and are defined by low strength, muscle quality\/volume and low Bone Mineral Density, respectively. When there is a concomitant presence of both, there is a novel musculoskeletal condition called Osteosarcopenia. These conditions adversely affect quality of life and elevate the risk of fractures, disability, and mortality among older individuals. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is the impairment of the mutualistic relationship between microorganisms, metabolic products and the host\u2019s immune system. Gut microbiota dysbiosis could be intricately linked to sarcopenia and osteoporosis, shedding light on the complex microbiota-gut-bone-muscle axis. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiota experiences a notable decline in beneficial microorganisms as part of the aging process. The relationship between dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota in older people and sarcopenia, osteoporosis or osteosarcopenia is still unclear. This review protocol aims to systematically review the literature and compile evidence on the influence of gut microbiota dysbiosis on musculoskeletal function in older people with sarcopenia, osteoporosis or osteosarcopenia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods\/Analysis<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This systematic review will analyze observational studies that have investigated the relationship between the effects of gut microbiota dysbiosis and sarcopenia, osteoporosis and osteosarcopenia in older people aged 65 and over. Studies will be retrieved from PubMed\/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Outcome measures will include body composition for diagnosing osteoporosis and screening for sarcopenia\/osteosarcopenia by any criteria. Data synthesis will involve quantitative analysis using summary measures. If sufficient studies, homogeneity and heterogeneity analysis will be performed to conduct Meta-analysis and pooled OR, RR and HR measures will be provided.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0313193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T19:14:34Z","timestamp":1735845274000},"page":"e0313193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gut microbiota dysbiosis, sarcopenia, osteoporosis and osteosarcopenia in older people: A systematic review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1564-328X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nailton","family":"Jos\u00e9 Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Duarte Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiano dos Santos","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana Caroline de Assun\u00e7\u00e3o Cortez","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerlane Coelho Bernardo","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3824-3713","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ricardo Oliveira","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0313193.ref001","article-title":"Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","author":"AJ Ferrari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0313193.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13392","article-title":"Global epidemiological features and impact of osteosarcopenia: A comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"15","author":"S Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"pone.0313193.ref003","first-page":"145","article-title":"Sarcopenia, osteoporosis and frailty","author":"E Gielen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0313193.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12783","article-title":"Global prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"F Petermann-Rocha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0313193.ref005","article-title":"Global prevalence of osteoporosis among the world older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"16","author":"N Salari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0313193.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04085-9","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of osteosarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"23","author":"T Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr [Internet]"},{"key":"pone.0313193.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"The Conceptual Definition of Sarcopenia: Delphi Consensus from the Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS)","author":"B Kirk","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae052"},{"key":"pone.0313193.ref008","first-page":"16","article-title":"Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis EUROPEAN WORKING GROUP ON SARCOPENIA IN OLDER PEOPLE 2 (EWGSOP2), AND THE EXTENDED GROUP FOR EWGSOP2.","volume":"48","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing [Internet]"},{"key":"pone.0313193.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.06.010","article-title":"Body composition by DXA","volume":"104","author":"JA Shepherd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0313193.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e328358d59b","article-title":"Sarcopenia in older adults.","volume":"24","author":"JD Walston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol [Internet]"},{"key":"pone.0313193.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Short Physical Performance Battery. 2017 [cited 2023 Sep 11]; 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