{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T07:20:08Z","timestamp":1783840808031,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We aimed to assess imaging findings and detection sensitivity for melanoma liver metastases on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This retrospective study included patients with melanoma liver metastasis who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Two abdominal radiologists independently evaluated signal characteristics of liver metastases on morphologic imaging (precontrast T1- and T2-weighted imaging), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic imaging, and hepatobiliary phase (HBP). Imaging findings were compared according to detection on HBP and the primary site of the melanoma using logistic regression with the generalized estimating equation (GEE). Detection sensitivity for metastases was compared among different MR imaging sets using logistic regression with GEE.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 67 patients with 254 liver metastases were included (44 women; mean age \u00b1 standard deviation, 65.6 \u00b1 13.0 years). On HBP, 76.0% of metastases were detected, and 55.5% (141\/254) showed hypointensity. Most of the metastases that were not detected on HBP originated from ocular melanomas (98.4%, 60\/61), \u22641 cm (90.2%, 55\/61) and showed T1 hyperintensity (98.4%, 60\/61). Metastases from non-ocular melanomas more frequently showed T1 hypointensity, T2 hyperintensity, diffusion restriction, arterial enhancement, and HBP hypointensity than those from ocular melanomas (<jats:italic>Ps<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.019). The detection sensitivity of HBP (76.0%) was significantly higher than DWI (65.7%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.006), but lower than morphologic imaging (98.8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and dynamic imaging (97.6%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The detection sensitivity of HBP for melanoma liver metastasis was 76.0%, which was lower than that of morphologic or dynamic imaging. HBP of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI has little advantage in detecting melanoma liver metastases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0313212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T18:23:56Z","timestamp":1730744636000},"page":"e0313212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for the detection of liver metastases from melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Hyun Jung","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8745-6454","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nieun","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5687-7237","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyunghwa","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heejin","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Eun","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minkyu","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-Suk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0313212.ref001","first-page":"99","author":"Exon Publications","year":"2018","journal-title":"Melanoma of unknown primary"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0313212.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3466","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2968-x","article-title":"Whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging: is it all we need for detecting metastases in melanoma patients?","volume":"23","author":"G Petralia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"pone.0313212.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2019.108688","article-title":"Baseline clinical and imaging predictors of treatment response and overall survival of patients with metastatic melanoma undergoing immunotherapy","volume":"121","author":"A Schraag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0313212.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-020-02837-4","article-title":"CT, MRI and PET\/CT features of abdominal manifestations of cutaneous melanoma: a review of current concepts in the era of tumor-specific therapies","volume":"46","author":"M Barat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0313212.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5933-x","article-title":"Metastatic melanoma: pretreatment contrast-enhanced CT texture parameters as predictive biomarkers of survival in patients treated with pembrolizumab","volume":"29","author":"C Durot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0313212.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.263","article-title":"Characterization of computed tomography scan abnormalities in patients with biopsy-proven hepatic metastases from uveal melanoma","volume":"129","author":"M Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0313212.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.01.123","article-title":"MR imaging of hepatic metastasis in patients with malignant melanoma: evaluation of suspected lesions screened at contrast-enhanced CT","volume":"81","author":"K Sofue","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0313212.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.45","article-title":"Hepatic metastasis from uveal melanoma: angiographic pattern predictive of survival after hepatic arterial chemoembolization","volume":"127","author":"PN Dayani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0313212.ref009","article-title":"Consensus statement for metastatic surveillance of uveal melanoma in Scotland","author":"V Chadha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"pone.0313212.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2022.03.008","article-title":"European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. 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