{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:15:26Z","timestamp":1790259326914,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadly infectious diseases affecting millions of individuals throughout the world. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of media coverage on the transmission dynamics of TB with vaccine and treatment strategy using mathematical model analysis. In the qualitative analysis of the proposed model we proved the existence, uniqueness, positivity, and boundedness of the model solutions, investigated both the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points, computed the basic and effective reproduction numbers using next generation matrix approach, analyzed the stability analysis of the equilibrium points, the backward bifurcation using the Castillo-Chavez and Song theorem and we re-formulated the corresponding optimal control problem and analyzed by applying the Pontryagin\u2019s Minimum Principle. In the model quantitative (numerical) analysis part, we performed the model parameters sensitivity analysis and carried out numerical simulation to verify the qualitative analysis results. The findings of the study indicate that if the reproduction number is less than one, the solution converges to the disease-free state, signifying the asymptotic stability of the TB-free steady state. Moreover, the existence of a backward bifurcation shows that the disease-free equilibrium coexists with one or more endemic equilibria, even when the basic reproduction number is less than 1. Furthermore, it is found that as media efficacy increases, the disease infection rate decreases, which consequently leads to an increase in prevention and treatment control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0314324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T18:31:13Z","timestamp":1738089073000},"page":"e0314324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of media coverage on the transmission dynamics of TB with vaccines and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7699-9330","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kumneger Tadesse","family":"Mulugeta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Yiha","family":"Dawed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shewafera Wondimagegnhu","family":"Teklu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0314324.ref001","first-page":"E9","article-title":"The history of tuberculosis: from the first historical records to the isolation of koch\u2019s bacillus","volume":"58","author":"Ilaria Barberis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0314324.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12030362","article-title":"Management of tuberculosis infection: current situation, recent developments and operational challenges","volume":"12","author":"Gino Agbota","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0314324.ref003","first-page":"144","article-title":"Analysis and dynamics of tuberculosis outbreak: A mathematical modelling approach","volume":"22","author":"Festus Abiodun Oguntolu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advances in Systems Science and Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0314324.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00359-7","article-title":"Who\u2019s global tuberculosis report 2022","volume":"4","author":"Sanjeet Bagcchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0314324.ref005","article-title":"Tuberculosis: current challenges and beyond","volume":"19","author":"Raquel Villar-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Breathe"},{"key":"pone.0314324.ref006","unstructured":"WHO Stop TB Strategy. 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