{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:15:07Z","timestamp":1789755307751,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India","award":["PMRF ID-3302520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PMRF ID-3302520"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disorder marked by neuroinflammation and demyelination. Understanding its molecular basis is vital for developing effective treatments. This study aims to elucidate the molecular progression of MS using multiomics and network-based approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We procured differentially expressed genes in MS patients and healthy controls by accessing mRNA dataset from a publicly accessible database. The DEGs were subjected to a non-trait weighted gene co-expression network (WGCN) for hub DEGs identification. These hub DEGs were utilized for enrichment, protein-protein interaction network (PPIN), and feed-forward loop (FFL) analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 880 MS-associated DEGs. WGCN revealed a total of 122 hub DEGs of which most significant pathway, gene ontology (GO)-biological process (BP), GO-molecular function (MF) and GO-cellular compartment (CC) terms were assembly and cell surface presentation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, regulation of catabolic process, NAD(P)H oxidase H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      forming activity, postsynaptic recycling endosome. The intersection of top 10 significant pathways, GO-BP, GO-MF, GO-CC terms, and PPIN top cluster genests identified\n                      <jats:italic>STAT3<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>CREB1<\/jats:italic>\n                      as key biomarkers. Based on essential centrality measures,\n                      <jats:italic>CREB1<\/jats:italic>\n                      was retained as the final biomarker. Highest-order subnetwork FFL motif comprised one TF (\n                      <jats:italic>KLF7<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), one miRNA (miR-328-3p), and one mRNA (\n                      <jats:italic>CREB1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) based on essential centrality measures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides insights into the roles of potential biomarkers in MS progression and offers a system-level view of its molecular landscape. Further experimental validation is needed to confirm these biomarkers\u2019 significance, which will lead to early diagnostic and therapeutic advancements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0314428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T13:37:46Z","timestamp":1734615466000},"page":"e0314428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Understanding the role of potential biomarkers in attenuating multiple sclerosis progression via multiomics and network-based approach"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Nitesh","family":"Shriwash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Aiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prithvi","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seemi Farhat","family":"Basir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anas","family":"Shamsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0602-3719","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ravins","family":"Dohare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9060-7970","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Asimul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0314428.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","article-title":"Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: Insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition.","volume":"26","author":"C Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler."},{"key":"pone.0314428.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-013-1080-3","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis is primarily a neurodegenerative disease","volume":"120","author":"A. 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