{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T12:47:25Z","timestamp":1742388445633,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7202070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7202070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Norske forskningsr\u00e5det","award":["262950\/F20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["262950\/F20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Here we describe a type of depolarising plateau potentials (PPs; sustained depolarisations outlasting the stimuli) in layer 2\/3 pyramidal cells (L2\/3PC) in rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) slices, using whole-cell somatic recordings. To our knowledge, this PP type has not been described before. In particular, unlike previously described plateau potentials that originate in the large apical dendrite of L5 cortical pyramidal neurons, these L2\/3PC PPs are generated independently of the apical dendrite. Thus, surprisingly, these PPs persisted when the apical dendrite was cut off (~50 \u03bcm from the soma), and were sustained by local calcium application only to the somatic and basal dendritic compartments. The prefrontal L2\/3PCs have been postulated to have a key role in consciousness, according to the Global Neuronal Workspace Theory: their long-range cortico-cortical connections provide the architecture required for the \u201cglobal work-space\", \u201cignition\u201d, amplification, and sustained, reverberant activity, considered essential for conscious access. The PPs in L2\/3PCs caused sustained spiking that profoundly altered the input-output relationships of these neurons, resembling the sustained activity suggested to underlie working memory and the mechanism underlying \u201cbehavioural time scale synaptic plasticity\u201d in hippocampal pyramidal cells. The non-apical L2\/3 PPs depended on metabotropic cholinergic (mAChR) or glutamatergic (mGluR) modulation, which is probably essential also for conscious brain states and experience, in both wakefulness and dreaming. Pharmacological tests indicated that the non-apical L2\/3 PPs depend on transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels, both TRPC4 and TRPC5, and require external calcium (Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>) and internal Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> stores, but not voltage-gated Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels, unlike Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-dependent PPs in other cortical pyramidal neurons. These L2\/3 non-apical plateau potentials may be involved in prefrontal functions, such as access consciousness, working memory, and executive functions such as planning, decision-making, and outcome prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0314652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T18:33:33Z","timestamp":1733855613000},"page":"e0314652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Non-apical plateau potentials and persistent firing induced by metabotropic cholinergic modulation in layer 2\/3 pyramidal cells in the rat prefrontal cortex"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3244-5576","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Hagger-Vaughan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kolnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan F.","family":"Storm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0314652.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3172","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-29678-2","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Neuroscience","author":"M Binder","year":"2009"},{"key":"pone.0314652.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01171","article-title":"Graded persistent activity in entorhinal cortex 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