{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T19:14:22Z","timestamp":1783970062407,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002978","name":"College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["the 90th Anniversary Chulalongkorn University Fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["the 90th Anniversary Chulalongkorn University Fund"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002978","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002873","name":"Chulalongkorn University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["the Scholarship from the Graduate School of Chulalongkorn University to commemorate the 72nd Anniversary of his Majesty King Bhumibol Aduladej"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["the Scholarship from the Graduate School of Chulalongkorn University to commemorate the 72nd Anniversary of his Majesty King Bhumibol Aduladej"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002873","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002873","name":"Chulalongkorn University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Multi-Omics for Functional Products in Food, Cosmetics and Animals Research Unit"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Multi-Omics for Functional Products in Food, Cosmetics and Animals Research Unit"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002873","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gut mycobiota (fungal microbiota) plays a crucial role in the immune system, potentially impacting autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite growing interest, data on intestinal fungi in SLE remain limited. This study thereby investigated the human-mimicked (mice) gut mycobiome and quantitative gut mycobiome analyses using universal fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) DNA next generation sequencing and real-time PCR, tracking time-series dynamics from preclinical to established SLE conditions in two SLE-prone mouse models. These models included pristane -induced mice, representing an environmental cause of SLE, and Fc gamma receptor RIIb (FcgRIIb) deficiency mice, representing a genetic factor. Fecal samples and different intestinal sections from mice aged 2\u201310 months were analyzed, including samples from 4-month-old and 11-month-old mice, which represented preclinical lupus (negative for anti-dsDNA) and established SLE conditions (positive for anti-dsDNA with proteinuria), respectively, alongside age-matched healthy controls. Results showed increased fungal diversity, specific changes in gut fungal species (i.e. increased <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> spp.), and an elevated Basidiomycota-to-Ascomycota (Basidiomycota\/Ascomycota) ratio, which correlated with lupus activity in both lupus models. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe; a possible representative organism) helped identify specific fungal difference between the lupus models. Our findings revealed that active lupus states may elevate gut fungal populations and alter fungal components in both the pristane and genetically susceptible SLE-prone mice, as indicated by mycobiota and quantitative mycobiota analyses. These changes could, in turn, influence disease activity. This research is essential for a deeper understand of the SLE-gut microbiome association, as the gut microbiome comprises both bacterial and fungal symbiosis. Manipulating fungal communities could present a potential therapeutic avenue for influencing disease outcomes in lupus. Further studies are crucial to clarify the direct role of gut fungi in lupus disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0314662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T19:19:33Z","timestamp":1733426373000},"page":"e0314662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Fungal microbiome in gut of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-prone mice (pristane and FCGRIIb deficiency), a possible impact of fungi in lupus"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Thanya","family":"Cheibchalard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asada","family":"Leelahavanichkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piraya","family":"Chatthanathon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piriya","family":"Klankeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2224-6856","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nattiya","family":"Hirankarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7830-3509","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Naraporn","family":"Somboonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0314662.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00668-1","article-title":"Global epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"17","author":"MR Barber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0314662.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.016451","article-title":"Linking susceptibility genes and pathogenesis mechanisms using mouse models of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"7","author":"SP Crampton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0314662.ref003","first-page":"e02288","article-title":"Gut microbiota in human systemic lupus erythematosus and a mouse model of lupus","volume":"84","author":"XM Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0314662.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20160510","article-title":"Introduction to the human gut microbiota","volume":"474","author":"E Thursby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0314662.ref005","first-page":"116","article-title":"Microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"6","author":"W Dieterich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0314662.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3738","article-title":"Regional specialization within the intestinal immune system","volume":"14","author":"AM Mowat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0314662.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.05.023","article-title":"Gut mycobiota in immunity and inflammatory disease","volume":"50","author":"XV Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"pone.0314662.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583418","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.583418","article-title":"The fungal microbiome and asthma","volume":"10","author":"E van Tilburg Bernardes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0314662.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0264556","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264556","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis patients have an altered gut mycobiome and increased fungal to bacterial richness","volume":"17","author":"M Yadav","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0314662.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310746","article-title":"Fungal microbiota dysbiosis in IBD","volume":"66","author":"H Sokol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0314662.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1159\/000486321","article-title":"The synergy of endotoxin and (1\u21923)-\u03b2-D-glucan, from gut translocation, worsens sepsis severity in a lupus model of FC gamma receptor IIB-deficient mice","volume":"10","author":"J Issara-Amphorn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0314662.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-57275-0","article-title":"Leaky-gut enhanced lupus progression in the FC gamma receptor-IIB deficient and pristane-induced mouse models of lupus","volume":"10","author":"A Thim-uam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0314662.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)00027-3","article-title":"Spontaneous autoimmune disease in Fc\u03b3RIIB-deficient mice results from strain-specific epistasis","volume":"13","author":"S Bolland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0314662.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020165","article-title":"Genetic modifiers of systemic lupus erythematosus in fc\u03b3riib\u2212\/\u2212 mice","volume":"195","author":"S Bolland","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Expt Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0314662.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313492869","article-title":"Pristane-induced lupus as a model of human lupus arthritis: evolvement of autoantibodies, internal organ and joint inflammation","volume":"22","author":"H Leiss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"pone.0314662.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.05.003","article-title":"Environmental influences on systemic lupus erythematosus expression","volume":"40","author":"DL Kamen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0314662.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8223","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158223","article-title":"Gut barrier damage and gut translocation of pathogen molecules in lupus, an impact of innate immunity (macrophages and neutrophils) in autoimmune disease","volume":"23","author":"A Charoensappakit","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0314662.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-019-8311-8","article-title":"Increased susceptibility against Cryptococcus neoformans of lupus mouse models (pristane-induction and FcGRIIb deficiency) is associated with activated macrophage, regardless of genetic background","volume":"57","author":"S Surawut","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0314662.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01187","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.01187-20","article-title":"Candida administration worsens uremia-induced gut leakage in bilateral nephrectomy mice, an impact of gut fungi and organismal molecules in uremia","volume":"6","author":"W Panpetch","year":"2021","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"pone.0314662.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2011.10.005","article-title":"Immunodeficiency and autoimmunity: Lessons from systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"18","author":"AP Grammatikos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"pone.0314662.ref021","first-page":"58","article-title":"Primary immunodeficiency association with systemic lupus erythematosus: Review of literature and lessons learned by the Rheumatology Division of a tertiary university hospital at Sao Paulo, Brazil","volume":"56","author":"PR Errante","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Bras Reumatol Engl Ed"},{"key":"pone.0314662.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/25785826.2019.1628466","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus and immunodeficiency","volume":"42","author":"T Sawada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunol Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0314662.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0040863","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040863","article-title":"High-coverage its primers for the DNA-based identification of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes in environmental samples","volume":"7","author":"H Toju","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0314662.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.8","article-title":"Ultra-high-throughput microbial community analysis on the Illumina Hiseq and MiSeq platforms","volume":"6","author":"JG Caporaso","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISME"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0314662.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0181439","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181439","article-title":"Oral administration of live- or heat-killed Candida albicans worsened cecal ligation and puncture sepsis in a murine model possibly due to an increased serum (1\u21923)-\u03b2-D-glucan","volume":"12","author":"W Panpetch","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0314662.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2018.00436","article-title":"Microbial and small eukaryotes associated with reefs in the upper Gulf of Thailand","volume":"5","author":"DE Bulan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0314662.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001339","article-title":"Administration of Candida albicans to dextran sulfate solution treated mice causes intestinal dysbiosis, emergence and dissemination of intestinal Pseudomonas aeruginosa and lethal sepsis","volume":"53","author":"P Hiengrach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0314662.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041758","article-title":"A role for fungal \u03b2-glucans and their receptor dectin-1 in the induction of autoimmune arthritis in genetically susceptible mice","volume":"201","author":"H Yoshitomi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Expt Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0314662.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2005.00963.x","article-title":"Evaluation of quantitative polymerase chain reaction\u2010based approaches for determining gene copy and gene transcript numbers in environmental samples","volume":"8","author":"CJ Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0314662.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funeco.2013.12.004","article-title":"Quantitative PCR for measuring biomass of decomposer fungi in Planta","volume":"7","author":"Z Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fungal Ecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0314662.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-2-40","article-title":"Characterization and quantification of the fungal microbiome in serial samples from individuals with cystic fibrosis","volume":"2","author":"SD Willger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"pone.0314662.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17270","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17270","article-title":"Non-significant influence between aerobic and anaerobic sample transport materials on gut (fecal) microbiota in healthy and fat-metabolic disorder Thai adults","volume":"12","author":"N Tunsakul","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0314662.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7537","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01541-09","article-title":"Introducing mothur: open-source, platform-independent, community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communities","volume":"75","author":"PD Schloss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"D1","key":"pone.0314662.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D259","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1022","article-title":"The UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi: handling dark taxa and parallel taxonomic classifications","volume":"47","author":"RH Nilsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0314662.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80543-3","article-title":"First reported quantitative microbiota in different livestock manures used as organic fertilizers in the northeast of Thailand","volume":"11","author":"L Wongsaroj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0314662.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10951","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810951","article-title":"Beta-glucan from S. cerevisiae protected AOM-induced colon cancer in cGAS-deficient mice partly through Dectin-1-manipulated macrophage cell energy","volume":"23","author":"S Binmama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0314662.ref037","first-page":"e00176","article-title":"Altered bacterial-fungal interkingdom networks in the guts of ankylosing spondylitis patients","volume":"4","author":"M Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0314662.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0219221","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02192-21","article-title":"Alterations in the gut fungal community in a mouse model of Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"G Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"pone.0314662.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00455","article-title":"Gut microbiota diversity and human diseases: should we reintroduce key predators in our ecosystem?","volume":"7","author":"A Mosca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0314662.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fuab001","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuab001","article-title":"Settlers of our inner surface\u2013factors shaping the gut microbiota from birth to toddlerhood","volume":"45","author":"MF Laursen","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0314662.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26371","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77672-4","article-title":"Comparative time-series analyses of gut microbiome profiles in genetically and chemically induced lupus-prone mice and the impacts of fecal transplantation","volume":"14","author":"P Chatthanathon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0314662.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0227285","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227285","article-title":"Quantitative PCR provides a simple and accessible method for quantitative microbiota profiling","volume":"15","author":"C Jian","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0314662.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2020.05.006","article-title":"The gut, the bad and the harmless: Candida albicans as a commensal and opportunistic pathogen in the intestine","volume":"56","author":"CA Kumamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0314662.ref044","first-page":"404","article-title":"Commensal Candida albicans positively calibrates systemic th17 immunological responses. Cell Host &","volume":"25","author":"T-Y Shao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbe"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0314662.ref045","first-page":"331","article-title":"The gut mycobiota: insights into analysis, environmental interactions and role in gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"16","author":"ML Richard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0314662.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1610-8","article-title":"Saccharomyces boulardii alleviates ulcerative colitis carcinogenesis in mice by reducing TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 levels and functions and by rebalancing intestinal microbiota","volume":"19","author":"C Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0314662.ref047","first-page":"5652","article-title":"Mechanism and therapeutic effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on experimental colitis in mice","volume":"18","author":"H Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"pone.0314662.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2164(04)55002-5","article-title":"Fungal contamination as a major contributor to sick building syndrome","volume":"55","author":"D-W Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0314662.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-021-00978-z","article-title":"Biological contaminants in the indoor air environment and their impacts on human health","volume":"14","author":"P Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Air Qual Atmos Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0314662.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8020104","article-title":"Toxic indoor air is a potential risk of causing immuno suppression and morbidity-a pilot study","volume":"8","author":"K Vaali","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0314662.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15030175","article-title":"Fungal contamination of building materials and the aerosolization of particles and toxins in indoor air and their associated risks to health: a review","volume":"15","author":"MA Hallak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0314662.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13401","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M807667200","article-title":"Cell wall \u03b2-(1,6)-glucan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"284","author":"V Aimanianda","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0314662.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3432","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.529131","article-title":"Novel structural features in Candida albicans hyphal glucan provide a basis for differential innate immune recognition of hyphae versus yeast","volume":"289","author":"DW Lowman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0314662","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T19:19:53Z","timestamp":1733426393000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0314662"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Veena","family":"Taneja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0314662","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]}}}