{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:02:41Z","timestamp":1787022161323,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Botanicals have shown promise in mitigating antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This study examined the efficacy of methanolic extracts from two food plants (\n                    <jats:italic>Nephelium lappaceum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Hyphaene thebaica<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), alone and in combination with antibiotics, against critical class priority bacteria, including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains and clinical isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacter aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The herbals underwent testing using a 96-well microplate serial dilution technique before being analyzed for their effects on bacterial cell membrane integrity and H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -ATPase-mediated proton pumping. Phytochemical analysis was carried out using established techniques. The bioactive extracts displayed very good to weak antibacterial activities (128 \u2264 MIC \u2264 2048 \u03bcg\/mL). The bark, leaf, and peel extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>lappaceum<\/jats:italic>\n                    were found to be effective against all studied MDR bacteria.\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>lappaceum<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaf extract exhibited the best activity (128 \u2264 MIC \u2264 1024 \u03bcg\/mL on all studied MDR bacteria). Interestingly, all MBC\/MIC ratios calculated were \u2264 4, suggesting bactericidal activities.\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>lappaceum<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaf extract has shown significant inhibition of bacterial H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -ATPase-mediated proton pumping and changes in the cell membrane integrity, suggesting possible modes of action.\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>lappaceum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (leaves and peels) and\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>thebaica<\/jats:italic>\n                    (fruits) extracts demonstrated a notable potential to synergize with tetracycline, vancomycin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and cefixime (up to 8-fold reduction of the antibiotic\u2019s MIC was recorded).\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>lappaceum<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaves and peels, and fruits of\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>thebaica<\/jats:italic>\n                    significantly improved the efficacy of all antibiotics tested against\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ATCC11296 at MIC\/2. Similar effects were observed against\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    PA01 and\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    AG100, respectively, with leaves and peels of\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>lappaceum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . No antagonistic interactions were recorded. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, phenols, and saponins in all test extracts. The findings of this study are promising and suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>lappaceum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>thebaica<\/jats:italic>\n                    can be used either for direct action on bacteria or to revitalize outdated antibiotics that are gradually losing their potency due to resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0314958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T13:36:31Z","timestamp":1739367391000},"page":"e0314958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Potential of methanol extracts of Nephelium lappaceum (Sapindaceae) and Hyphaene thebaica (Arecaceae) as adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of antibiotics against critical class priority bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5501-3111","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Armel Jackson","family":"Seukep","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fula Mabel","family":"Tamambang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valaire Yemene","family":"Matieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene Gueaba","family":"Mbuntcha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis Desire Tatsinkou","family":"Bomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1070-1236","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Victor","family":"Kuete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy M. 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